CAREER: Routing for the Emerging Topologies of Modern Internet Services

流媒体视频、交互式应用程序和智能手机的兴起改变了我们使用互联网的方式。谷歌、Netflix、Akamai和亚马逊等提供商现在提供了大部分流量，他们已经调整了自己的服务基础设施和网络，试图通过快速、可靠、高带宽的路径为各地的客户提供服务。为了避免依赖中转提供商，这些内容提供商直接连接到世界各地的客户端网络，在某些情况下，甚至连接到客户端或第三方网络中的主机服务器。尽管有这些变化，互联网流量往往遵循地理迂回路线，即使更直接的存在。持续数小时有时甚至数天的部分中断以令人不安的频率发生。互联网的域间路由架构使得解决这些问题变得困难，然而，即使面对互联网拓扑结构和我们如何使用它的巨大变化，它在过去的20年里基本上保持不变。这种设计对其他ISP正在做的事情的可见性很差，无法协调近邻之间的路由决策，即使在邻居之间也只能提供有限的通信手段。复杂的问题，内容提供商追求的战略，使他们的基础设施，互联性，路由在很大程度上看不见的传统measurementtechniques.智力优点：本研究项目将开发部署的方法，以改善路由，通过改善互联网服务提供商的协调。为了使这些方法适合实际的内容提供者，大部分工作将涉及开发测量技术和进行测量研究，以发现服务于基础设施和拓扑的提供者。本计画的主要贡献如下：（1）绘制大型内容提供者的分散式服务架构的技术，以及使用这些技术，对扩展与演化服务策略的纵向研究。(2)测量平台能够发现内容提供商和其他网络之间的丰富互连和路由。(3)一个能够模拟任意ISP并将其连接到世界各地的真实的ISP以交换路由和流量的测试平台。这个试验平台将使现实的实验，可以帮助克服目前的僵局。(4)测量研究，以量化当前路由的低效率，并描述分布式基础设施和大型提供商的丰富对等所提供的改进机会。(5)ISP间路由协作的方法，重点关注内容提供商应向客户ISP提供什么样的可见性和控制，同时平衡自主性和最优性的竞争问题。更广泛的影响：随着项目关注基于真实的测量的可部署解决方案，提供商将能够从这些方法中受益，以了解影响他们的问题并实现改进的机会。测量和测量平台将提供给研究人员，为当今互联网的重要方面提供新的视角，促进研究。ISP仿真测试平台将实现一类新的实验。该项目还有一个重要的教育部分，包括设计关于因特网计量和因特网路由/内容提供的研究生课程和教材，以及使用该项目试验平台的本科生项目。

The rise of streaming video, interactive applications, and smart phones has transformed how we use the Internet. Providers such as Google, Netflix, Akamai, and Amazon now supply much of the traffic, and they have adapted their serving infrastructures and networks in an attempt to serve clients everywhere over fast, reliable, high-bandwidth paths. To avoid relying on transit providers, these content providers connect directly to client networks around the world and, in some cases, even host servers in client or third-party networks. Despite these changes, Internet traffic often follows geographically circuitous routes, even though more direct ones exist. Partial outages lasting hours-sometimes even days-occur with disturbing frequency. The Internet's interdomain routing architecture makes it difficult to address these problems, yet it has remained essentially unchanged for two decades, even in the face of massive changes in the Internet's topology and how we use it. The design gives poor visibility into what other ISPs are doing, provides no way to coordinate routing decisions past immediate neighbors, and provides only limited means for communication even between neighbors. Complicating matters, the strategies pursued by content providers render their infrastructures, interconnectivity, and routing largely invisible to traditional measurement techniques.Intellectual merit: This research project will develop deployable approaches to improve routing by improving inter-ISP coordination. So that the approaches suit actual content providers, much of the work will involve developing measurement techniques and conducting measurement studies to discover providers serving infrastructures and topologies. This project will make the following contributions: (1) Techniques to map the distributed serving infrastructures of large content providers, and, using these techniques, longitudinal studies of expansion and evolving serving strategies. (2) Measurement platforms capable of uncovering the rich interconnections and routing between content providers and other networks. (3) A testbed capable of emulating an arbitrary ISP and connecting it to real ISPs around the world to exchange routes and traffic. This testbed will enable realistic experiments that can help overcome the current impasse. (4) Measurement studies to quantify inefficiencies in current routing and characterize opportunities for improvement made available by the distributed infrastructures and rich peering of the large providers. (5) Methods for inter-ISP routing collaboration, focusing on what visibility and control a content provider should give to client ISPs, while balancing the dueling concerns of autonomy and optimality.Broader impact: With the project's focus on deployable solutions grounded in real measurements, providers will be able to benefit from the approaches in order to understand problems affecting them and realize opportunities for improvement. The measurements and measurement platforms will be available to researchers, providing a novel view of important aspects of today's Internet, spurring research. The ISP emulation testbed will enable a new class of experiments. The project also has a significant education component, including the design of graduate courses and course material on Internet measurement and on Internet routing/content delivery, as well as undergraduate projects that use the project's testbeds.