RAPID: Collaborative Research: The Internet under Widespread Shelter-in-Place: Resilience, Response, and Lessons for the Future

新冠肺炎的传播给日常生活带来了前所未有的、持续的变化，包括原地避难订单、企业和学校普遍关闭，以及在家工作和在家上学的水平达到以前未知的水平。这些行为的变化对互联网提出了非同寻常的要求。本项目将衡量互联网满足这些需求的能力，包括比较互联网在新冠肺炎高峰之前、期间和之后的表现；受新冠肺炎影响严重的地区和受影响较小的地区之间的变化量是否不同；大型网络是否以及如何适应。为了提供这种丰富的理解，本项目将结合多个互联网规模的数据集，这些数据集提供互补的观点，以调查对新冠肺炎的响应如何影响互联网以及网络如何反应。具体地说，该项目将通过测量全球流量模式和全球拥塞对性能的影响，来衡量工作负载如何变化及其对网络的影响，以应对新冠肺炎。此外，该项目将通过监测路径变化来衡量网络对这些工作负载变化的反应，这些路径变化指示因应对新冠肺炎的措施而导致的流量激增，确定是否部署了流量管理来(取消)某些网络流量的优先级，以及衡量网络是否增加了互联和升级容量。衡量新冠肺炎的网络影响力将照亮互联网的优势和弱点，是提高互联网未来面对流行病、自然灾害、大规模冲突和恐怖袭击的韧性的关键一步。互联网是为弹性而设计的，但大型云和内容提供商一直在避开公共互联网交换点和公共互联网，转而支持专用互联和专用广域网络。该项目将了解这些决定的影响。这些战略在压力下的相对表现应该在为未来的研究、资金和关键互联网基础设施的设计提供信息方面发挥关键作用。本研究使用的所有数据、测量工具和分析代码将在我们的附属组织和现行数据隐私法规允许的最大程度上发布，并在athttps://covid19-internet-resilience.github.io/.上发布这些人工制品的链接我们的目标是通过免费存储和云存储使这些构件永久公开可用，尽管持续时间取决于此类资源的可用性。只要这些工具和代码对衡量互联网弹性仍然有用，这些工具和代码就会一直保留下去。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The spread of COVID-19 has led to unprecedented and ongoing changes to daily life, including shelter-in-place orders, widespread closing of businesses and schools, and work-from-home and school-from-home at previously unknown levels. These changes in behavior are placing extraordinary demands on the Internet. This project will measure the Internet’s ability to meet these demands, including comparing its performance before, during, and after the peak of COVID-19; whether the amount of change varies between areas heavily impacted by COVID-19 and those less impacted; and whether and how large networks adapt.To provide this rich understanding, this project will combine multiple Internet-scale datasets that provide complementary views to investigate how responses to COVID-19 have impacted the Internet and how networks have reacted. Specifically, the project will measure how workloads have changed and their impact on networks in response to COVID-19 by measuring traffic patterns worldwide and the impact of congestion on performance globally. In addition, the project will measure how networks react to these changes in workloads by monitoring path changes that indicate rerouting of traffic during surges induced by measures in response to COVID-19, identifying whether traffic management is deployed for (de)prioritizing certain network flows, and measuring whether networks add interconnections and upgrade capacity. Measuring the network impact of COVID-19 will illuminate the Internet’s strengths and weak points and is a crucial step towards improving the Internet’s future resilience in the face of pandemics, natural disasters, large scale conflict, and terrorist attacks. The Internet is designed for resiliency, but large cloud and content providers have been avoiding public Internet exchange points and the public Internet in favor of private interconnection and private wide-area networks. This project will understand the impact of these decisions. The relative performance of these strategies under stress should play a critical role in informing future research, funding, and design of critical Internet infrastructure. All of the data, measurement tools, and analysis code used for this study will be published to the greatest extent permitted by our affiliated organizations and prevailing data privacy regulations, with links to these artifacts posted athttps://covid19-internet-resilience.github.io/. The goal is to keep these artifacts publicly available in perpetuity via free storage and cloud repositories, though the duration is subject to the availability of such resources. The tools and code will be maintained for as long as they remain useful for measuring Internet resilience.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.