CAREER: Routing for the Emerging Topologies of Modern Internet Services

流媒体视频、交互式应用程序和智能手机的兴起改变了我们使用互联网的方式。b谷歌、Netflix、Akamai和Amazon等提供商现在提供了大部分流量，他们已经调整了自己的服务基础设施和网络，试图通过快速、可靠、高带宽的路径为各地的客户提供服务。为了避免依赖传输提供者，这些内容提供者直接连接到世界各地的客户端网络，在某些情况下，甚至连接到客户端或第三方网络中的主机服务器。尽管有这些变化，互联网流量往往遵循地理上迂回的路线，即使存在更直接的路线。持续数小时——有时甚至数天——的部分停电频率令人不安。互联网的域间路由体系结构使解决这些问题变得困难，然而，即使面对互联网拓扑结构和我们如何使用它的巨大变化，它在20年来基本上保持不变。这种设计对其他isp正在做的事情提供了很差的可见性，没有办法协调经过近邻的路由决策，甚至在邻居之间也只提供有限的通信手段。更复杂的是，内容提供商所追求的策略使得它们的基础设施、互连性和路由在很大程度上对传统的测量技术不可见。智力优势：该研究项目将开发可部署的方法，通过改善isp间的协调来改进路由。为了使这些方法适合实际的内容提供者，许多工作将涉及开发度量技术和进行度量研究，以发现服务于基础设施和拓扑的提供者。本项目将做出以下贡献：(1)绘制大型内容提供商的分布式服务基础设施的技术，并使用这些技术对扩展和进化服务策略进行纵向研究。(2)能够揭示内容提供商与其他网络之间丰富的互连和路由的测量平台。(3)能够模拟任意ISP并将其连接到世界各地的真实ISP以交换路由和流量的试验台。这个试验台将使现实的实验成为可能，有助于克服目前的僵局。(4)测量研究，以量化当前路由的低效率，并描述分布式基础设施和大型提供商的丰富对等所提供的改进机会。(5) isp间路由协作的方法，重点关注内容提供商应给予客户isp的可见性和控制，同时平衡自治和最优性之间的矛盾。更广泛的影响：随着项目的重点放在基于实际测量的可部署解决方案上，供应商将能够从这些方法中受益，以便了解影响他们的问题并实现改进的机会。测量和测量平台将提供给研究人员，为当今互联网的重要方面提供一个新的视角，刺激研究。ISP仿真试验台将实现一类新的实验。这个项目也有一个重要的教育组成部分，包括设计研究生课程和关于互联网测量和互联网路由/内容交付的课程材料，以及使用项目测试平台的本科生项目。

The rise of streaming video, interactive applications, and smart phones has transformed how we use the Internet. Providers such as Google, Netflix, Akamai, and Amazon now supply much of the traffic, and they have adapted their serving infrastructures and networks in an attempt to serve clients everywhere over fast, reliable, high-bandwidth paths. To avoid relying on transit providers, these content providers connect directly to client networks around the world and, in some cases, even host servers in client or third-party networks. Despite these changes, Internet traffic often follows geographically circuitous routes, even though more direct ones exist. Partial outages lasting hours-sometimes even days-occur with disturbing frequency. The Internet's interdomain routing architecture makes it difficult to address these problems, yet it has remained essentially unchanged for two decades, even in the face of massive changes in the Internet's topology and how we use it. The design gives poor visibility into what other ISPs are doing, provides no way to coordinate routing decisions past immediate neighbors, and provides only limited means for communication even between neighbors. Complicating matters, the strategies pursued by content providers render their infrastructures, interconnectivity, and routing largely invisible to traditional measurement techniques.Intellectual merit: This research project will develop deployable approaches to improve routing by improving inter-ISP coordination. So that the approaches suit actual content providers, much of the work will involve developing measurement techniques and conducting measurement studies to discover providers serving infrastructures and topologies. This project will make the following contributions: (1) Techniques to map the distributed serving infrastructures of large content providers, and, using these techniques, longitudinal studies of expansion and evolving serving strategies. (2) Measurement platforms capable of uncovering the rich interconnections and routing between content providers and other networks. (3) A testbed capable of emulating an arbitrary ISP and connecting it to real ISPs around the world to exchange routes and traffic. This testbed will enable realistic experiments that can help overcome the current impasse. (4) Measurement studies to quantify inefficiencies in current routing and characterize opportunities for improvement made available by the distributed infrastructures and rich peering of the large providers. (5) Methods for inter-ISP routing collaboration, focusing on what visibility and control a content provider should give to client ISPs, while balancing the dueling concerns of autonomy and optimality.Broader impact: With the project's focus on deployable solutions grounded in real measurements, providers will be able to benefit from the approaches in order to understand problems affecting them and realize opportunities for improvement. The measurements and measurement platforms will be available to researchers, providing a novel view of important aspects of today's Internet, spurring research. The ISP emulation testbed will enable a new class of experiments. The project also has a significant education component, including the design of graduate courses and course material on Internet measurement and on Internet routing/content delivery, as well as undergraduate projects that use the project's testbeds.