Films and filming for a "better world" - Film criticism and social criticism in post-war Western Europe from the perspective of comparison, cultural transfer and entanglement

电影与拍摄为了“更美好的世界”——比较、文化移转与纠葛视角下的战后西欧电影批评与社会批评

• 批准号: 213740974
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Dietmar Hüser
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Fachrichtung Geschichte - Historisches Institut
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-31 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/213740974?language=en
• 关键词: Films; filming; better; world; Film

In an article written as early as 1932, Siegfried Kracauer had demanded the connection of film criticism with social criticism. This project examines precisely that connection against the historical background of the massively accelerated socio-economic and socio-cultural changes during the 1950s and 1960s in Western Europe. The analysis of leftist film magazines, which is the centrepiece of this study, methodologically combines the concepts of comparative, transfer and entangled history. It deals predominantly with the Italian "Cinema Nuovo", founded in 1952, whose editors had had to leave their former jobs for political reasons, with the Western German "Filmkritik" of 1957, which had been founded by student cineastes, and similar French film magazines. These groups of critics are discussed in relation to other publications focussing on the seventh art from their own countries, to British and American magazines, and to film criticism in nationwide daily press. The scope of this project encompasses their first decades and compares them to each other: concerning the paradigms of film criticism, the idea of film and film policy, the attitude towards filmic "mainstream", social analysis, and film critics' links to rising protest movements and alternative cultures of that era. Moreover, referring to the premises of transfer history and entangled history, the project aims at reciprocal influence and transnational contacts among film critics, at shaping filmic networks in Europe and at film festivals as a communicative arena for this process, and finally at the reception of international trends in national contexts. Transatlantic cultural exchanges such as the reception of Hollywood pictures by the "Old World's" film criticism are considered in detail and brought into relationship with inner-European cultural transfers.

早在1932年，西格弗里德·克拉考尔就在一篇文章中要求将电影批评与社会批评联系起来。本项目正是在西欧1950年代和1960年代期间社会经济和社会文化变革大幅加速的历史背景下审视这一联系的。对左派电影杂志的分析是本研究的核心，在方法论上结合了比较、转移和纠缠历史的概念。它主要涉及1952年成立的意大利《新电影》，其编辑因政治原因不得不离职，以及1957年由学生电影演员创办的西德《Filmkritik》，以及类似的法国电影杂志。这些评论家群体与来自他们自己国家的专注于第七艺术的其他出版物、英国和美国的杂志以及全国性日报上的电影评论有关。这个项目的范围涵盖了它们最初的十年，并对它们进行了相互比较：关于电影批评的范式、电影和电影政策的想法、对电影“主流”的态度、社会分析以及电影评论家与那个时代兴起的抗议运动和另类文化的联系。此外，该项目以转移历史和纠缠历史为前提，旨在影评人之间的相互影响和跨国联系，在欧洲和电影节上塑造电影网络，作为这一过程的交流场所，最后在各国背景下接受国际趋势。跨大西洋的文化交流，如《旧世界》电影批评对好莱坞电影的接受，被详细考虑，并与欧洲内部的文化传播联系起来。