We called workers, but people came who played football. Sport, immigration and integration in France and Western Germany in the long 1960s

近年来，对移民史和体育史的研究获得了很大的学术声望，尽管它们肯定是相互独立的，几乎从来没有交织在一起。在漫长的20世纪60年代，将这两个领域联系起来的当代历史上的实证研究几乎不存在，特别是当考虑到跨国方面的时候。该项目试图填补这一空白，并审查体育运动对南欧移民融入社会的相关性，特别是在法国和德意志联邦共和国，业余足球所起的作用。分析将主要集中在踢足球的移民的案例研究上，这些移民要么在现有的德国或法国俱乐部结构中踢球，要么在自组织俱乐部踢球。特别重要的是他们所取得的经验、他们在当地的战略和行动范围。对于这两个国家来说，这种视角允许以确定的同化和融合模式对当时的共同思维提出批判性质疑，也允许对联合会和政策制定者宣称体育是融合的理想工具的主导话语提出质疑。该项目旨在用20世纪60年代足球的具体文化接触和实践来面对这种断言。从跨国的角度来看，利益在于相似、不同以及跨境的法德相互依存，特别是在法国和西德在移民传统、机会结构和政治文化框架方面，体育团队精神和竞争及其各自的表现是否带来了比结构性差异更多的相似之处。另一个问题是，移民足球在多大程度上可以作为一种传感器和密码，反映两个社会在20世纪60年代实现的自由化程度。而与体育和移民有关的辩论、争议和活动在提供更深层次的洞察力，让人们更深入地了解在“WirtschaftswUnder”和“Trente Glorieus”时代与他人的日常互动中，起到了什么作用？

Studies of immigration history as well as sports history have gained a lot of academic prestige in recent years, although they are certainly separated from each other and hardly ever intertwined. For the long 1960s, empirical studies in contemporary history linking the two fields are nearly inexistent, especially when taking transnational aspects into consideration. The project tries to fill this gap and examines the relevance of sports for the integration of southern European immigrants, specifically the role of amateur soccer in France and the Federal Republic of Germany. The analysis will mainly focus on case studies of soccer playing immigrants who either played in already existing German or French club structures or in self organized clubs. Of particular importance will be the experiences they made, the strategies and scopes of action they had in local contexts. For both countries, this perspective allows a critical questioning of the then common thinking in determined patterns of assimilation and integration as well as a questioning of dominant discourses of federations and policy-makers proclaiming sports as the ideal instrument of integration. The project aims at facing such assertions with the concrete cultural contacts and practices of soccer in the 1960s. Taking on a transnational perspective, interests lie in similarities, differences as well as cross-border franco-german interdependencies and especially in the question of whether the athletic team spirit and rivalry and their respective representations raised more analogies than structural divergencies between France and Western Germany in traditions of immigration, in opportunity structures and in framings of political culture might suggest. Another question would be to what extent immigrant soccer can work as a sensor and cipher for the degree of liberalization achieved in both societies during the 1960s. And what roles do debates, controversies and activities dealing with sports and migration play in providing deeper insights into everyday interaction with otherness in times of "Wirtschaftswunder" and "trente glorieuses"?