Symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi in southern South America: macroecology and evolutionary history from community to landscape scale

南美洲南部的共生外生菌根真菌：从群落到景观尺度的宏观生态学和进化史

• 批准号: 1354802
• 负责人: Matthew Smith
• 金额: $ 45.02万
• 依托单位: University of Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1354802&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Symbiotic; ectomycorrhizal; fungi; southern; South

Many questions remain about what causes organisms to occur where they do. Answers to those questions are gradually being solved for for plants and animals but little is known about the distribution patterns of microbes. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are beneficial microbes that help plants obtain nutrients, resist diseases, and tolerate drought. This project will study the biodiversity and biogeography of ectomycorrhizal fungi in economically important trees in southern South America such as Nothofagus (southern beech). The main goals of this work are to document the evolutionary history of Nothofagus-associated fungi from South America, determine how environmental variables affect fungal diversity, and understand more about how fungi disperse around the globe. Fungi will be documented by DNA sequencing from environmental samples and via collections of fungal specimens (e.g. mushrooms).This project is an international collaboration that will include research, education, and cultural exchange among biologists, students, and citizen scientists from the USA, Chile, and Argentina. In addition to scientific publications on fungal biodiversity, fungal evolution, and fungi that are new to science, this project will also produce a free, bilingual, online e-book detailing the common and charismatic fungi from Nothofagus forests in Chile and Argentina. This work will increase scientific literacy about fungi in South America and data from the project will enhance native Nothofagus forestry and will inform conservation decision-making for Nothofagus.

关于是什么导致生物体在它们所处的地方出现，仍然存在许多问题。这些问题的答案正在逐步解决植物和动物，但对微生物的分布模式知之甚少。外生菌根真菌是有益的微生物，帮助植物获得营养，抵抗疾病和耐受干旱。该项目将研究南美洲南部重要经济树木（如假山毛榉）中外生菌根真菌的生物多样性和植物地理学。这项工作的主要目标是记录来自南美洲的假羊肚菌相关真菌的进化历史，确定环境变量如何影响真菌多样性，并更多地了解真菌如何在地球仪中传播。真菌将通过环境样本的DNA测序和真菌标本的收集（例如蘑菇）来记录。该项目是一项国际合作，将包括来自美国，智利和阿根廷的生物学家，学生和公民科学家之间的研究，教育和文化交流。除了关于真菌生物多样性、真菌进化和新科学真菌的科学出版物外，该项目还将制作一本免费的双语在线电子书，详细介绍智利和阿根廷Nothofagus森林中常见和迷人的真菌。这项工作将提高南美洲真菌的科学素养，该项目的数据将加强当地的Nothofagus林业，并为Nothofagus的保护决策提供信息。