RUI: DIVERSIFICATION AND RADIATION OF THE SPLITFINS (TELEOSTOMI: GOODEIDAE)

鲤形目（Cyprinodontiformes）是硬骨鱼类的一个多样化目，由10个科组成，全球分布的物种超过800种。 这类鱼包括鳉鱼、孔雀鱼和剑尾鱼，在水族馆爱好者、毒理学家中广为人知，也是癌症研究的模式生物。古笛鲷是一组濒临灭绝的淡水鱼，分布在墨西哥和美国西南部，由两条多样化主线组成：一组发育不良的产卵物种，以及一组能够生育活体后代的物种。该目中的许多类群，包括胎生种，从生态学和进化学的角度都没有得到充分的研究。该目中类群之间的进化关系还不清楚，古迪科中种和属之间的关系也没有得到充分的研究。缺乏一个强大的家谱阻碍了对分裂鳍的基础和应用研究。解决鲤形目内的进化关系，以及在Goodeidae物种，将推进我们的生活史进化，形态多样性，分类学和保护的理解。 研究人员将为水族馆工作者和保护生物学家编写一本手册，其中包含维护建议和饲养指南，以维持圈养古笛鲷的遗传和表型多样性。研究人员将与Goodeid工作组合作，更新Goodeidae保护状况和趋势信息，并为面向水族馆的出版物和公约做出贡献，以促进适当的人工饲养Goodeidae。 这些努力将加强对这些鱼类的保护工作，这对资源管理者来说至关重要，特别是考虑到古迪科鱼类所占据的地区正在发生的环境变化。 将在美国和拉丁美洲收集标本，对未来研究很重要的担保组织样本将存放在美国和墨西哥的研究收藏馆。公民科学家将提供所有古迪科物种的纯种幼虫标本。这些是历史上很难获得，将用于扫描电子显微镜检查trophotaeniae，一个研究不足的幼虫分类特征，这是至关重要的不寻常的活产在这组。这项研究将导致在传统的（10个位点，和7,000 bp的序列数据）和下一代测序方法（锚定基因组学）的基础上构建系统发育树的鲤形目和古迪科，为这些群体提供最全面的测试以前的系统发育假设。 几何形态测量和trophotaenial数据，化石校准和系统发育的比较方法的合并将允许更好地了解多样化的时间和因素，发挥了作用，辐射这一有趣的鱼类群体。 最后，该研究将根据博物馆记录和实地采样，评估古迪科丰度和分布的变化。

The Cyprinodontiformes, commonly known as splitfins, are a diverse order of teleost fishes consisting of 10 families, and more than 800 globally distributed species. The group includes killifishes, guppies, and swordtails, and is well known among aquarium hobbyists, toxicologists, and as a model organism in cancer research. Goodeids are an imperiled group of freshwater fishes that occur in Mexico and the Southwestern United States and consist of two main lines of diversification; a depauperate group of egg laying species, and a speciose group that bear live offspring. Many groups in the order, including the viviparous (live birthing) species, are understudied from an ecological and evolutionary perspective.The evolutionary relationships of groups within the order are unclear and the relationships of the species and genera within the Goodeidae family have not been adequately studied. The lack of a robust family tree has impeded both basic and applied research on the splitfins. Resolving the evolutionary relationships within the Cyprinodontiformes, as well as within the Goodeidae species, will advance our understanding of life-history evolution, morphological diversification, taxonomy, and conservation. The researchers will write a handbook for aquarists and conservation biologists containing recommendations for maintenance and breeding guidelines for maintaining genetic and phenotypic diversity of goodeids in captivity. The researchers will work with the Goodeid Working Group to update the Goodeidae conservation status and trends information as well as contribute to aquarist-oriented publications and conventions to promote appropriate captive Goodeidae rearing. These efforts will enhance conservation efforts of these fishes which are critical to resource managers especially considering the ongoing environmental changes in the areas occupied by the Goodeidae.This integrative project will involve multiple graduate and undergraduate students, international and United States collaborators, and citizen scientists. Specimens will be collected in the United States and Latin America and the vouchered tissue samples, which are important for future studies, will be deposited in research collections in the United States and Mexico. Citizen scientists will provide pedigreed larval specimens of all species of Goodeidae. These are historically difficult to obtain and will be used for scanning electron microscopic examination of trophotaeniae, a poorly understudied larval taxonomic character that is critical to the unusual live births in this group. This study will result in the construction of phylogenetic trees for the Cyprinodontiformes and the Goodeidae based on traditional (10 loci, and 7,000bp sequence data) and next generation sequencing approaches (anchored phylogenomics), offering the most comprehensive tests of previous phylogenetic hypotheses for these groups. The incorporation of geometric morphometric and trophotaenial data, fossil calibrations, and phylogenetic comparative methods will allow for a better understanding of the timing of diversification and the factors that have played a role in radiation of this interesting group of fishes. Finally, the research will assess changes in Goodeidae abundance and distribution, based on museum records and field sampling.