Workshop: Stress in the Healthy Organism, December 5-6, 2013, Arlington, Virginia

脊椎动物的应激反应(保护有机体免受应激源伤害的生理机制)是一种主要的恢复机制，也是生物相互作用(生物体之间)以及生物体与其非生物环境(非生物相互作用)之间的重要换能器。然而，令人惊讶的是，即使在对应激进行了近100年的研究之后，整个应激生物学领域仍然缺乏一个完整的理论和相关的模型，以使定量和预测性研究能够将应激反应的多种机制和结果联系起来。这次研讨会将包括对动物应激的基本生物学感兴趣的研究人员(通常由NSF资助)和对应激在健康人类中的作用感兴趣的研究人员(由NASA的研究人员代表)。NSF资助的研究人员和NASA的研究人员有很大的共同点。这两个群体都感兴趣的是压力生物学是如何在健康的人身上表现出来的，而不是疾病的原因。然而，由于其研究范围在概念和方法上的限制，这两个群体通常不会互动。两个社区都看到了一个机会，通过分享他们的观点和发展多学科合作，在理解这个复杂的生物学领域方面取得实质性进展。研讨会创造的相互影响应该会产生关于概念和技术挑战和机遇的新见解，这将有助于指导两个社区未来的研究。讲习班的首要目标是：1.找出并克服阻碍进展的瓶颈；2.开始制定具体的研究方法，以实施综合研究。这一讲习班可通过促进制订新的应激反应概念模型，对该领域产生深远影响。这样的模型可能会导致更多的定量、预测性研究，将细胞和生理应激反应与个体、种群和物种层面的结果联系起来。首席调查员预计将出版一份同行评议的研讨会报告。讲习班与会者确定并由报告传播的新的研究途径将为进一步研究提供蓝图，这将对许多科学领域产生广泛影响。

The vertebrate stress response (the physiological mechanisms involved in protecting an organism from a stressor) is a major mechanism of resilience and an important transducer of biotic interactions (between organisms), and between organisms and their non-living environment (abiotic interactions). It is astonishing, however, that even after nearly 100 years of studying stress, the overall field of stress biology lacks an integrated theory and associated models to enable quantitative and predictive research connecting the multiple mechanisms and outcomes of the stress response. This workshop will include equal numbers of researchers interested in the basic biology of stress in animals (typically funded by NSF) and researchers interested in the role of stress in healthy humans specifically (represented by researchers from NASA). NSF-funded and NASA researchers have substantial common ground. Both communities are interested in how stress biology is manifested in healthy individuals, rather than a cause of disease. However, these two communities do not typically interact owing to the conceptual and methodological constraints on the scope of their research. Both communities see an opportunity to make substantial progress in understanding this complex area of biology by sharing their perspectives and developing multidisciplinary collaborations. The cross-fertilization created by the workshop should yield novel insights about conceptual and technical challenges and opportunities, which will help guide future research in both communities. The overarching aims of the workshop will be to: 1. Identify and surmount bottlenecks that are preventing progress, and 2. Begin to develop specific research approaches to implement integrated studies. This workshop could have profound impacts on the field by facilitating the development of a new conceptual model of stress. Such a model could result in more quantitative, predictive research linking cellular and physiological stress responses with individual-, population- and species-level outcomes. The Principal Investigator anticipates publishing a peer reviewed workshop report. New avenues of research identified by the workshop participants and disseminated by the report will provide a blueprint for further study that should have a broad impact on many scientific fields.