DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Interactions between microbial mutualists and coninfecting pathogens

论文研究：微生物共生体与感染病原体之间的相互作用

• 批准号: 1404131
• 负责人: Alison Power
• 金额: $ 2.09万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1404131&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Interactions; between; microbial

Plants and animals are constantly in contact with microbes (microscopic organisms) that live on and inside them. This research will be an important first step in determining how competition between viruses is altered by the presence of beneficial bacteria and whether infection by viruses can reduce benefits from beneficial bacteria to their host plant, the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). This work benefits the public both directly by providing data that is relevant to agricultural crop production and indirectly through scientific education and outreach. Beans and other legumes are important, highly sustainable sources of dietary protein worldwide. A better understanding of microbial interactions in common beans can be used to inform strategies that could alter disease prevalence and increase crop yields. The pursuit of this knowledge will also provide a variety of hands-on research experiences for undergraduate students. Finally, the results of the research will be widely disseminated to the public through presentations to the community and the development of hands-on learning experiences and mini-courses for 6-12 grade students. The researchers will examine how the presence of additional mutualist microbial species in a host plant changes the outcome of virus competition and disease severity in coinfections and 2) whether infection by pathogens reduces the benefit that the host receives from mutualists. The ecological and evolutionary interactions between multiple pathogens which occupy the same host will be studied, using a system of viruses infecting the common bean. Mutualists have the potential to alter competitive outcomes between coinfecting pathogens by influencing host resources for growth and defense. At the same time, pathogens can induce a full immune response by the host that can be damaging to microbial mutualists. If pathogen infection reduces the benefit that the host receives from mutualists, this might destabilize the association. Common beans infected with pathogenic viruses and mutualistic nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia) offer a highly tractable system for studying the interactions between coinfecting pathogens and mutualists. Two measures of pathogen competitive ability, within host concentration and transmission between hosts, will be compared in plants with and without rhizobia to evaluate whether the presence of a mutualist is differentially beneficial to one pathogen species. The impact of pathogen infection on the viability of the mutualism will be quantified by measuring plant immune response hormones as well as rhizobial root colonization and nitrogen fixation.

植物和动物不断地与生活在它们上面和里面的微生物(微生物)接触。这项研究将是重要的第一步，以确定有益细菌的存在如何改变病毒之间的竞争，以及病毒感染是否会减少有益细菌对其宿主植物菜豆(Phaseolus Common Garis)的好处。这项工作通过提供与农业作物生产有关的数据直接造福公众，也通过科学教育和宣传间接造福公众。豆类和其他豆类是世界范围内重要的、高度可持续的饮食蛋白质来源。更好地了解普通豆类中的微生物相互作用可以为改变疾病流行和提高作物产量的战略提供依据。对这些知识的追求也将为本科生提供多种实践研究经验。最后，研究结果将通过向社区介绍和为6-12年级学生开发实践学习经验和迷你课程向公众广泛传播。研究人员将研究寄主植物中额外的互惠微生物物种的存在如何改变病毒竞争的结果和混合感染的疾病严重性，以及2)病原体感染是否会减少宿主从互惠寄主那里获得的好处。将使用感染普通菜豆的病毒系统来研究占据同一宿主的多个病原体之间的生态和进化相互作用。互助者有可能通过影响用于生长和防御的宿主资源来改变共同感染病原体之间的竞争结果。与此同时，病原体可以诱导宿主的全面免疫反应，这可能会对微生物互助体造成损害。如果病原体感染减少了宿主从互助者那里获得的好处，这可能会破坏这种联系。被致病病毒和共生固氮菌(根瘤菌)感染的普通豆类为研究共感染病原体和共生菌之间的相互作用提供了一个高度易处理的系统。在有根瘤菌和没有根瘤菌的植物中，将比较两种衡量病原体竞争能力的指标，包括寄主浓度和寄主之间的传播，以评估共生体的存在是否对一个病原体物种有不同的好处。通过测量植物免疫反应激素以及根瘤菌的根部定植和固氮来量化病原体感染对互惠共生的影响。