CHILES VERDES: The Transient Radio Sky at Incomparable Depth

大多数天文现象在数百万年或数十亿年内变化缓慢，但宇宙中最剧烈的事件--如超新星、恒星合并和黑洞爆发--可能在短短几天的时间尺度上有所不同。这个项目将探索天空在射电波长下的快速变化，寻找新的暴力事件类别，并告知诸如元素的起源和近光速喷流的产生等长期存在的问题。通过利用新墨西哥州升级后的甚大阵列的显著提高的灵敏度，并利用已批准的无线电观测(将在天空中的一个地方凝视42天)，PI和她的合作者将获得对可变和瞬时射电源的有史以来最敏感的调查。皮乔米克积极参与密歇根州立大学的本科教育和公共宣传。作为密歇根州立大学校园天文台的负责人，她每月领导公众观察之夜，并为更广泛的密歇根社区举办特别的动手活动，突出明亮的超新星和新星等动态天文事件。作为这项计划的一部分，她将扩大天文台的公共计划。此外，她还将对本科生进行职业道路教育，并扩大他们对社区教育的参与。她将与本科生合作，以校园天文台和国家射电望远镜设施的数据为基础，进行真实的研究体验。PI和她的合作者将进行迄今为止最敏感的无线电瞬变调查。他们将使用来自CHILES计划的数据，该计划相当于哈勃深场的无线电。为了测量其他星系中的中性氢，JVLA将在2013至2016年间，在远离银河系平面的地方总共观测1002个小时。Chiles Verdes是一个辅助程序，使用时间分辨连续谱(0.9-1.8 GHz)数据来搜索无线电瞬变。宇宙中一些最猛烈的事件应该会产生射电瞬变：超新星、伽马射线爆发、致密天体的合并、潮汐破坏事件等等。凭借VLA的灵敏度、三年的时间线、一个具有良好特征的场以及在其他波长的同时观测，他们预计射电瞬变的样本将比之前观测到的少数几个数量级增加几个数量级。

Most astronomical phenomena change slowly, over millions or billions of years, but the most violent events in the universe - like supernovae, star mergers, and black hole outbursts - can vary on timescales of just days. This program will explore rapid variations in the sky at radio wavelengths, searching for new classes of violent events and informing such long-standing questions as the origin of the elements and the production of near-light-speed jets. By capitalizing on the dramatically improved sensitivity of the upgraded Very Large Array in New Mexico and "piggy-backing" off an approved radio observation, which will stare at one place in the sky for 42 days, the PI and her collaborators will obtain the most sensitive survey ever for variable and transient radio sources. PI Chomiuk is actively engaged in undergraduate education and public outreach at Michigan State University. As director of the MSU Campus Observatory, she leads monthly public observing nights and special hands-on events for the broader Michigan community, highlighting dynamic celestial events like bright supernovae and novae. As part of this program, she will expand the Observatory's public programs. In addition, she will educate undergraduates in career paths and broaden their participation in community educating. She will work with undergraduates on authentic research experiences, founded on data from the campus observatory and national radio telescope facilities. The PI and her collaborators will conduct the most sensitive radio transient survey to date. They will use data from the CHILES program, the radio equivalent of the Hubble Deep Field. The JVLA will observe a single field away from the galactic plane for 1002 hours in total between 2013 and 2016 in order to measure neutral hydrogen in other galaxies. CHILES VERDES is an adjunct program to use the time-resolved continuum (0.9-1.8 GHz) data to search for radio transients. Some of the most violent events in the universe should produce radio transients: supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, mergers of compact objects, tidal disruption events, and more. With the sensitivity of the VLA, a 3-year timeline, a well characterized field, and contemporaneous observations at other wavelengths, they expect to increase the sample of radio transients by several orders of magnitude over the small handful previously observed.