CHILES VERDES: The Transient Radio Sky at Incomparable Depth

大多数天文现象变化缓慢，需要数百万或数十亿年的时间，但宇宙中最剧烈的事件——比如超新星、恒星合并和黑洞爆发——可以在几天的时间尺度上发生变化。这个项目将探索天空中无线电波长的快速变化，寻找新的暴力事件，并为诸如元素的起源和近光速喷流的产生等长期存在的问题提供信息。通过利用新墨西哥州升级后的甚大阵列大幅提高的灵敏度，并“搭载”一项经批准的无线电观测，该观测将盯着天空中的一个地方42天，PI和她的合作者将获得有史以来对可变和瞬变射电源最敏感的调查。PI Chomiuk在密歇根州立大学积极从事本科教育和公共宣传工作。作为密歇根州立大学校园天文台的主任，她领导每月的公共观测之夜和更广泛的密歇根州社区的特殊实践活动，突出动态的天体事件，如明亮的超新星和新星。作为该计划的一部分，她将扩大天文台的公共项目。此外，她将指导本科生的职业道路，并扩大他们对社区教育的参与。她将与本科生合作，以校园天文台和国家射电望远镜设施的数据为基础，进行真实的研究体验。PI和她的合作者将进行迄今为止最灵敏的无线电瞬变调查。他们将使用来自CHILES项目的数据，该项目相当于哈勃深空。为了测量其他星系中的中性氢，JVLA将在2013年至2016年期间对远离银道面的单个场进行总计1002小时的观测。CHILES VERDES是一个辅助程序，使用时间分辨连续体（0.9-1.8 GHz）数据来搜索无线电瞬变。宇宙中一些最剧烈的事件应该会产生无线电瞬变：超新星、伽马射线暴、致密物体的合并、潮汐破坏事件等等。凭借VLA的灵敏度，3年的时间线，一个特征良好的场，以及在其他波长的同期观测，他们期望将无线电瞬变的样本增加几个数量级，而不是之前观测到的少数。

Most astronomical phenomena change slowly, over millions or billions of years, but the most violent events in the universe - like supernovae, star mergers, and black hole outbursts - can vary on timescales of just days. This program will explore rapid variations in the sky at radio wavelengths, searching for new classes of violent events and informing such long-standing questions as the origin of the elements and the production of near-light-speed jets. By capitalizing on the dramatically improved sensitivity of the upgraded Very Large Array in New Mexico and "piggy-backing" off an approved radio observation, which will stare at one place in the sky for 42 days, the PI and her collaborators will obtain the most sensitive survey ever for variable and transient radio sources. PI Chomiuk is actively engaged in undergraduate education and public outreach at Michigan State University. As director of the MSU Campus Observatory, she leads monthly public observing nights and special hands-on events for the broader Michigan community, highlighting dynamic celestial events like bright supernovae and novae. As part of this program, she will expand the Observatory's public programs. In addition, she will educate undergraduates in career paths and broaden their participation in community educating. She will work with undergraduates on authentic research experiences, founded on data from the campus observatory and national radio telescope facilities. The PI and her collaborators will conduct the most sensitive radio transient survey to date. They will use data from the CHILES program, the radio equivalent of the Hubble Deep Field. The JVLA will observe a single field away from the galactic plane for 1002 hours in total between 2013 and 2016 in order to measure neutral hydrogen in other galaxies. CHILES VERDES is an adjunct program to use the time-resolved continuum (0.9-1.8 GHz) data to search for radio transients. Some of the most violent events in the universe should produce radio transients: supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, mergers of compact objects, tidal disruption events, and more. With the sensitivity of the VLA, a 3-year timeline, a well characterized field, and contemporaneous observations at other wavelengths, they expect to increase the sample of radio transients by several orders of magnitude over the small handful previously observed.