The Progenitors of Type Ia Supernovae: New Insights from Radio Observations

Ia 型超新星的前身：射电观测的新见解

• 批准号: 1907790
• 负责人: Laura Chomiuk
• 金额: $ 34.16万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1907790&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Progenitors; Type; Ia; Supernovae; New

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) mark the complete disruption of a white dwarf star, or very old compact star, but we do not yet understand why the white dwarf explodes, nor in what kind of binary star system. Popular models alternatively hold that the white dwarf accretes from a normal companion star until it reaches the maximum mass of a stable white dwarf, known as the Chandrasekhar limit, or that it may be driven to explode by merging with another white dwarf. Indeed, SNe Ia may have a diversity of progenitors, with a mix that varies with stellar age. The progenitor system and the mass of the material ejected in the explosion determine how the luminosity of the SN evolves with time, affecting the use of SNe Ia as standard candles in cosmology. Therefore, there is an urgent need to determine the progenitors of SNe Ia, beyond just solving a longstanding astrophysical mystery. A research group at Michigan State University (MSU) intends to constrain the progenitors of SNe Ia by mapping out their environments with radio telescope observations. The program will survey SNe Ia for signatures of the binary progenitor by using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) and the new MeerKAT telescope in South Africa to search for emission from the interaction of the SN blast wave with circumbinary material. The principal investigator will engage school-age youth from rural backgrounds through Michigan 4-H, leading programs at the residential Exploration Days and activity nights at the MSU Observatory. The MSU Observatory and SkyNet network of telescopes will be used to offer hands-on observing experience and projects to these students.In the context of popular SN Ia models, non-degenerate companion stars should pollute their environments with stellar winds and nova shells, while white dwarf mergers will explode in relatively clean environments---but be surrounded by unusually dense, discrete shells expelled in the merger or during the common envelope phase. This program will constrain the progenitors of SNe Ia by: (1) Searching for a low-density wind expelled by the binary companion by observing SNe Ia at radio wavelengths at very early times, just ~1-2 days after explosion to identify the cause of early "bumps" in SN optical light curves. (2) Determining if SNe Ia are surrounded by recently ejected common envelopes, as might be expected if they are produced by the merger of two white dwarfs, using radio observations of SNe Ia taken 1-60 years after the explosion. (3) Mapping the circumbinary environments of SNe Ia-CSM. Observations will determine whether the circumstellar material (CSM) is more consistent with a stellar wind (evidence of a non-degenerate companion) or of a common envelope (as expected for a white dwarf merger). (4): Observing Galactic novae with red giant companions. These systems serve as scaled-down testbeds for the expected radio emission resulting from the interaction between ejecta in an explosion and CSM.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

类型IA Supernovae（Sne IA）标志着白色矮星或非常古老的紧凑型星的完全破坏，但我们还不明白为什么白矮人会爆炸，也不了解哪种二进制星系。众所周知，流行模型认为，白矮人从普通伴侣恒星中积聚，直到达到稳定的白色矮人的最大质量，称为Chandrasekhar限制，或者可以通过与另一个白矮人合并来爆炸。实际上，SNE IA可能具有多样的祖细胞，其混合物随着恒星的年龄而变化。爆炸中射出的祖细胞系统和材料的质量决定了SN的光度如何随着时间的流逝而演变，从而影响了SNE IA作为宇宙学标准蜡烛的使用。因此，迫切需要确定IA的祖细胞，而不仅仅是解决了长期存在的天体物理谜团。密歇根州立大学（MSU）的一个研究小组打算通过通过无线电望远镜观察来绘制其环境来限制SNE IA的祖细胞。该计划将通过使用Karl G. Jansky非常大的阵列（VLA）和南非的新Meerkat望远镜来调查IA SNE IA的二进制祖先签名，以通过与环形材料的相互作用来搜索SN爆炸波的相互作用。 首席调查员将通过密歇根州4-H与来自农村背景的学龄青年参与，这是在MSU天文台的住宅探索日和活动之夜的领导计划。 MSU观测站和天网的望远镜网络将用于为这些学生提供动手观察经验和项目。在流行的SN IA模型的背景下，非脱位的伴侣明星应用恒星的风和Nova壳来污染其环境，而白矮人的合并将在相对清洁的环境中被散发出来，但在壳中却被散发出来，而在壳环境中却被散发出来，而既定不断地则是不合时宜的。信封阶段。 该程序将通过以下方式限制SNE IA的祖细胞：（1）通过在很早的时候在无线电波长处观察SNE IA，在爆炸后约1-2天探索SNE IA来寻找低密度风，以确定SN光学光曲线中早期“ bumps”的原因。 （2）使用爆炸后1 - 60年的无线电观察结果，确定SNE IA是否被最近弹出的常见信封包围，如果它们是由两个白矮星的合并产生的，那么它们是否被两个白矮人的合并产生。 （3）映射SNE IA-CSM的电路环境。观察结果将确定与恒星风（非脱位伴侣的证据）或共同信封（正如白矮人合并所期望的）是否更一致的情节材料（CSM）。 （4）：与红色巨型同伴观察银河新闻。这些系统用作缩放测试床，用于爆炸和CSM中的射出之间的相互作用导致的预期无线电发射。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的评估来评估值得支持的。

项目成果

Classical Novae at Radio Wavelengths

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ac24ab
• 发表时间: 2021-07
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
• 作者: L. Chomiuk;J. Linford;E. Aydi;K. Bannister;M. Krauss;A. Mioduszewski;K. Mukai;T. Nelson;M. Rupen;S. Ryder;J. Sokoloski;K. Sokolovsky;J. Strader;M. Filipović;T. Finzell;A. Kawash;E. Kool;B. Metzger;M. Nyamai;V. Ribeiro;N. Roy;R. Urquhart;J. Weston

Tumbling Dice: Radio Constraints on the Presence of Circumstellar Shells around Type Ia Supernovae with Impact Near Maximum Light

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abe940
• 发表时间: 2021-02
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: C. Harris;L. Chomiuk;P. Nugent

A Bright Ultraviolet Excess in the Transitional 02es-like Type Ia Supernova 2019yvq

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac126b
• 发表时间: 2021-01
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: J. Burke;D. Howell;S. Sarbadhicary;D. Sand;R. Amaro;D. Hiramatsu;C. McCully;C. Pellegrino;J. Andrews;P. Brown;Koichi 公 一 Itagaki 板垣;M. Shahbandeh;K. Bostroem;L. Chomiuk;E. Hsiao;N. Smith;S. Valenti

New Insights into Classical Novae

• DOI: 10.1146/annurev-astro-112420-114502
• 发表时间: 2020-11
• 期刊: Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
• 影响因子: 33.3
• 作者: L. Chomiuk;B. Metzger;K. Shen

CHILES VERDES: Radio Variability at an Unprecedented Depth and Cadence in the COSMOS Field

CHILES VERDES：宇宙场中前所未有的深度和节奏的无线电变化

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac2239
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Sarbadhicary, Sumit K.;Tremou, Evangelia;Stewart, Adam J.;Chomiuk, Laura;Peters, Charee;Hales, Chris;Strader, Jay;Momjian, Emmanuel;Fender, Rob;Wilcots, Eric M.
• 通讯作者: Wilcots, Eric M.