EAPSI: The role of freshwater-marine migratory behaviors on dispersal in Pacific Oceanic Islands fishes

EAPSI：淡水-海洋洄游行为对太平洋岛屿鱼类扩散的作用

• 批准号: 1414902
• 负责人: Joel Corush
• 金额: $ 0.51万
• 依托单位: Corush Joel B
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-06-01 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1414902&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAPSI; role; freshwater; marine; migratory

Many fishes are limited to marine or freshwater environments, but about 250 of 30,000 ray-finned fishes are diadromous, or migrate between fresh and saltwater, usually for reproduction purposes, e.g., Salmon and eel. This behavior is important because many small streams on oceanic islands are subject to variation. Storms, droughts, volcanic activity and pollution can often make small insular streams become uninhabitable for periods of time and can lead to local extinction of a completely freshwater species. Over time, the inability to colonize neighboring streams can lead to a species' extinction. While diadromy limits opportunities for dispersal ability to a specific life stage, many diadromous species have geographic distributions which span multiple oceans. To address these issues, this research aims to understand how variations in migration pattern affect the flow of genes across fish populations. To determine migratory behvior, otolith microchemistry techniques will be used, in collaboration with Dr. Jen-Chieh Shiao, a prominent expert in this technique at the National Taiwan University. Levels of genetic information moving between populations can then be compared to varying migration strategies. Species will be collected from multiple streams around Taiwan (in addition to Guam and Palau). Otolith microchemistry, a technique that identifies chemical compounds in a fish's environment over the course of their life, will be used to classify fishes as diadromous, marine, or freshwater. To understand the importance of these different life-history patterns on dispersal, genetic markers will be used to infer gene flow and population structure of insular oceanic fishes. Variation in DNA sequences will be compared to understand patterns of movement between streams and islands. This project will help bridge the lingering gap between the ecological importance of variation in life history and evolutionary significance of gene flow. This NSF EAPSI award is funded in collaboration with National Science Council of Taiwan.

许多鱼类仅限于海洋或淡水环境，但30，000条鳍鱼中约有250条是溯河产卵的，或在淡水和盐水之间迁移，通常是为了繁殖目的，例如，鲑鱼和鳗鱼。这种行为很重要，因为海洋岛屿上的许多小溪流都会发生变化。风暴、干旱、火山活动和污染往往会使小岛屿溪流在一段时间内变得不适合居住，并可能导致完全淡水物种的局部灭绝。随着时间的推移，无法在邻近的河流中定居可能导致物种灭绝。虽然溯河洄游限制了特定生命阶段的扩散能力，但许多溯河洄游物种的地理分布跨越多个海洋。为了解决这些问题，本研究旨在了解迁移模式的变化如何影响鱼类种群之间的基因流动。为了确定迁徙行为，将使用耳石微化学技术，并与国立台湾大学耳石微化学技术专家萧仁杰博士合作。然后，可以将种群之间的遗传信息移动水平与不同的迁移策略进行比较。物种将从台湾各地的多条溪流中收集（除了关岛和帕劳）。耳石微化学，一种技术，确定化学化合物在鱼的环境中的过程中，他们的生活，将被用来分类鱼类作为diadromous，海洋，或淡水。为了了解这些不同的生活史模式对扩散的重要性，遗传标记将被用来推断基因流和岛屿海洋鱼类的种群结构。将比较DNA序列的变化，以了解河流和岛屿之间的运动模式。该项目将有助于弥合生命史中变异的生态重要性与基因流的进化意义之间的鸿沟。这个NSF EAPSI奖是与台湾国家科学理事会合作资助的。