Research in String Theory and Holography

弦理论和全息术研究

• 批准号: 1417366
• 负责人: Vadim Kaplunovsky
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-15 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1417366&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Research; String; Theory; Holography

This award funds the research activities of Professor Vadim Kaplunovsky at the University of Texas at Austin. His work focuses on several aspects of string theory -- which unifies gravity with the other fundamental forces of nature (strong, weak, and electromagnetic). String theory has an unusual property - it contains something called "holographic dualities", which relate theories in many-body quantum systems (ranging from quark-gluon plasma to superconductors) to theories of gravity in higher dimensional spaces. These dualities, since they relate to very different systems, allow calculations in one system to give results in the other. Professor Kaplunovsky studies the duality between forms of super-dense nuclear matter and models with crystal-like structures, as well as the duality between models of gravity in highly curved spaces with strongly interacting particle physics models. He also studies string theories which are dual to each other. All these projects are deeply connected to other aspects of string theory as well as to particle physics, nuclear physics, and condensed matter. To enhance the broader impact of his research, Professor Kaplunovsky will give a series of talks to high-school students about hot issues of modern physics (which alas are not even mentioned in a regular curriculum). The subjects may involve fundamental particles, cosmology, or anything else the students may be interested in. Prof. Kaplunovsky will also give a series of more advanced lectures about theoretical physics to the undergraduate students at the University of Texas and at other universities in the US and overseas.Prof. Kaplunovsky's research focuses on several issues of string theory and holographic QCD. One project is about infinite crystals of YM instantons -- which 'live' in 4+1 dimensions (where they act as particles) but may form lower-dimensional lattices in external potentials. There are many types of such crystals, with different lattice geometries and/or different patterns of instantons' isospin orientations. The project focuses on surveying such crystals and the phase transitions between them, especially the transitions which change the dimensionality of the lattice (3D-4D, or 2D-3D, or 1D-2D). Another project focuses on leading order (in alpha') stringy corrections to the hadron spectra in high-curvature holographic QCD models with O(1) 't Hooft couplings. A related issue concerns stringy corrections to the short-distance nuclear forces in models where the dual baryons looks like string stars rather than instantons. The third project is about M theory duals of the heterotic orbifolds, which seem to give paradoxical results, and he hopes to come up with a solution to these puzzles.

该奖项资助德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校瓦迪姆·卡普洛夫斯基教授的研究活动。他的工作集中在弦理论的几个方面--该理论将重力与自然界的其他基本力(强、弱和电磁)统一起来。弦理论有一种不同寻常的性质--它包含一种叫做“全息对偶”的东西，它将多体量子系统(从夸克-胶子等离子体到超导体)中的理论与更高维空间中的引力理论联系起来。这些二元性，因为它们与非常不同的系统有关，所以允许在一个系统中的计算在另一个系统中给出结果。卡普洛夫斯基教授研究了超高密度核物质的形式和具有晶体结构的模型之间的对偶性，以及高度弯曲空间中引力模型和强相互作用粒子物理模型之间的对偶性。他还研究弦理论，它们是相互对偶的。所有这些项目都与弦理论的其他方面以及粒子物理、核物理和凝聚态物质密切相关。为了加强他的研究的更广泛影响，卡普洛夫斯基教授将向高中生发表一系列关于现代物理热点问题的演讲(遗憾的是，这些问题甚至在常规课程中都没有提到)。课程可能涉及基本粒子、宇宙学或其他学生可能感兴趣的东西。卡普洛夫斯基教授还将向德克萨斯大学以及美国和海外其他大学的本科生讲授一系列关于理论物理的更高级的讲座。卡普洛夫斯基的研究集中在弦理论和全息QCD的几个问题上。一个项目是关于Ym瞬子的无限晶体--它们‘生活’在4+1维(在那里它们作为粒子)，但可能在外部势能中形成较低维的晶格。这类晶体有许多类型，具有不同的晶格几何形状和/或瞬子同位旋取向的不同图案。该项目的重点是观察这种晶体和它们之间的相变，特别是改变晶格维度的相变(3D-4D、2D-3D或1D-2D)。另一个项目专注于高曲率全息QCD模型中强子谱的主次(α‘)弦修正。相关的问题涉及对模型中短距离核力的弦修正，在模型中，双重子看起来像弦恒星而不是瞬子。第三个项目是关于M理论的杂化奥比诺德对偶，这似乎给出了矛盾的结果，他希望能给出这些难题的解决方案。