Collaborative Research: Vegetation And Ecosystem Impacts On Permafrost Vulnerability

合作研究：植被和生态系统对永久冻土脆弱性的影响

• 批准号: 1417700
• 负责人: Susan Natali
• 金额: $ 56.2万
• 依托单位: Woodwell Climate Research Center, Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1417700&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Vegetation; Ecosystem; Impacts

NontechnicalRealistic representations of heat exchange in permafrost ecosystems are necessary for accurate predictive understanding of the permafrost carbon feedback under future climate scenarios. This project will provide a quantitative pan-arctic assessment of the effects of vegetation and landscape characteristics on permafrost thermal regimes. By working across ecosystems, landscape characteristics, and regions, the research will identify broad trends, and intensive energy balance sites will provide a mechanistic study of ecosystem impacts on permafrost response to climate change. The impacts of this study will be enhanced through integration of research results into regional and site-specific permafrost models and synthesis activities that will examine ecosystem impacts on energy balance and permafrost vulnerability to climate change. This work will have broad impacts on the scientific community and general public because it brings together important issues in the global environment and raises awareness of the connection between ecosystem dynamics and permafrost thaw. The proposed project will provide training opportunities for undergraduate students through collaboration between the researchers and an NSF funded field research experience for undergraduates. The researchers will mentor several students as part of this proposed work and will also teach two arctic system science courses at a predominantly undergraduate institution. This project will enhance scientific understanding through continued work with education centers, local communities and, in particular, with teachers and outreach coordinators. TechnicalSignificant declines in permafrost distribution are expected as the climate warms, but large uncertainties remain in determining the fate of permafrost under future climate scenarios. These uncertainties are driven, in large part, by vegetation and ecosystem properties that modulate the effect of climate on permafrost temperatures. Long-term monitoring of permafrost temperatures demonstrates the importance of these local conditions, yet there has been no pan-arctic effort to measure ecological and landscape variables in concert with permafrost temperature monitoring. This project will use a combination of field and remotely-sensed data to address the question of how vegetation and landscape factors modulate permafrost temperature response to climate change. To address this question the researchers will couple an extensive pan-arctic assessment of vegetation-permafrost dynamics with an intensive study of shrub and tree canopy cover effects on ecosystem energy balance. The first component of this research will be conducted at long-term permafrost temperature monitoring sites in Siberia and Alaska, and the second component, the vegetation-energy balance sites that will be established as part of this proposal, will be conducted at a shrub-tree canopy cover gradient in Siberia, where most permafrost regions are located. These intensively studied energy balance sites will provide an improved mechanistic understanding of the effects of ecosystem components, and interactions among these components, on ecosystem energy balance and permafrost vulnerability to climate change. This mechanistic knowledge will, in turn, support interpretation of broad patterns observed through a pan-arctic sampling of the permafrost temperature monitoring sites.

在未来气候场景下，必须对多年冻土生态系统中的热交换的非技术交换表示，对于对多年冻土碳反馈的准确理解是必要的。该项目将对植被和景观特征对多年冻土热度状态的影响进行定量的泛极评估。通过跨生态系统，景观特征和区域工作，研究将确定广泛的趋势，密集的能量平衡站点将提供对生态系统对永久冻土对气候变化反应的影响的机械研究。这项研究的影响将通过将研究结果整合到区域和特定地点的多年冻土模型和合成活动中来增强，这些模型将研究生态系统对能量平衡和对气候变化的多年冻土脆弱性的影响。这项工作将对科学界和公众产生广泛的影响，因为它在全球环境中汇集了重要问题，并提高了对生态系统动力学与永久冻土融化之间联系的认识。拟议的项目将通过研究人员与NSF资助的本科生的现场研究经验为本科生提供培训机会。研究人员将指导几名学生作为这项拟议工作的一部分，还将在主要的本科机构中教两个北极系统科学课程。该项目将通过与教育中心，当地社区，尤其是教师和外展协调员的持续合作来增强科学理解。随着气候温暖，预计多年冻土分布的技术意义下降，但是在未来气候场景下确定多年冻土的命运仍然存在很大的不确定性。这些不确定性在很大程度上是由植被和生态系统特性驱动的，这些特性调节气候对多年冻土温度的影响。长期监测多年冻土温度证明了这些当地条件的重要性，但是在与多年冻土温度监测的一致过程中，尚无泛极努力来衡量生态和景观变量。该项目将结合田间和远程数据的数据来解决植被和景观因子如何调节对气候变化的多年冻土温度反应的问题。为了解决这个问题，研究人员将对植被 - 冻土动力学的广泛泛滥评估，对灌木和树冠层的深入研究涵盖对生态系统能量平衡的影响。这项研究的第一个组成部分将在西伯利亚和阿拉斯加的长期多年冻土温度监测地点进行，第二个组成部分是将作为该提案的一部分建立的植被 - 能源平衡地点，将在灌木丛树的覆盖梯度上进行，在西伯利亚的灌木丛树冠覆盖梯度，其中大多数多年冻土地区都位于其中。这些深入研究的能源平衡站点将对生态系统组件的影响以及这些组件之间的相互作用，对生态系统能量平衡和对气候变化的多年冻土脆弱性提供改进的机械理解。这种机械知识反过来将支持对通过多年冻土温度监测位点的泛二北极采样观察到的广泛模式的解释。

项目成果

Reviews and syntheses: Changing ecosystem influences on soil thermal regimes in northern high-latitude permafrost regions

• DOI: 10.5194/bg-15-5287-2018
• 发表时间: 2018-08-31
• 期刊: BIOGEOSCIENCES
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Loranty, Michael M.;Abbott, Benjamin W.;Walker, Donald A.
• 通讯作者: Walker, Donald A.

Variation in Fine Root Characteristics and Nutrient Dynamics Across Alaskan Ecosystems

阿拉斯加生态系统细根特征和养分动态的变化

• DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00583-8
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Ecosystems
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: McCulloch, Lindsay A.;Kropp, Heather;Kholodov, Alexander;Cardelús, Catherine L.;Natali, Susan M.;Loranty, Michael M.
• 通讯作者: Loranty, Michael M.

Variability in above- and belowground carbon stocks in a Siberian larch watershed

西伯利亚落叶松流域地上和地下碳储量的变化

• DOI: 10.5194/bg-14-4279-2017
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Biogeosciences
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Webb, Elizabeth E.;Heard, Kathryn;Natali, Susan M.;Bunn, Andrew G.;Alexander, Heather D.;Berner, Logan T.;Kholodov, Alexander;Loranty, Michael M.;Schade, John D.;Spektor, Valentin
• 通讯作者: Spektor, Valentin

Spatial variation in vegetation productivity trends, fire disturbance, and soil carbon across arctic-boreal permafrost ecosystems

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/11/9/095008
• 发表时间: 2016-09
• 期刊: Environmental Research Letters
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: M. Loranty;W. Lieberman-Cribbin;L. Berner;S. Natali;S. Goetz;H. Alexander;A. Kholodov

Shallow soils are warmer under trees and tall shrubs across Arctic and Boreal ecosystems

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/abc994
• 发表时间: 2020-11
• 期刊: Environmental Research Letters
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: Heather Kropp;M. Loranty;S. Natali;A. Kholodov;A. Rocha;I. Myers-Smith;Benjamin W. Abbott;J. Abermann;E. Blanc‐Betes;D. Blok;G. Blume‐Werry;J. Boike;A. Breen;Sean M. P. Cahoon;C. Christiansen;T. Douglas;H. Epstein;G. Frost;M. Goeckede;T. Høye;S. Mamet;J. O’Donnell;D. Olefeldt;G. Phoenix;V. Salmon;A. Sannel;Sharon L. Smith;O. Sonnentag;L. Vaughn;M. Williams;B. Elberling;L. Gough;J. Hjort;P. Lafleur;E. Euskirchen;M. Heijmans;E. Humphreys;H. Iwata;B. Jones;T. Jorgenson;I. Grünberg;Yongwon Kim;J. Laundre;M. Mauritz;A. Michelsen;G. Schaepman‐Strub;K. Tape;M. Ueyama;B. Lee;K. Langley;M. Lund