RAPID: Re-organization of Philippine Rainforest Biodiversity Following Disturbance on Regional Scales from a Powerful Typhoon

该研究奖将利用2013年菲律宾超级台风海亚这一独特事件，了解大规模自然灾害对脊椎动物种群和物种的生存和潜在恢复的影响。这是基于这样一个事实，即在最近的台风之前，研究小组在菲律宾群岛进行了大约五年的全面脊椎动物物种调查。这项工作很重要，因为这类研究以前从未进行过，它们可以告诉我们许多关于当地灭绝、殖民、适应以及种群和物种恢复或灭绝的过程。在全球环境变化时期，这类研究为社会和资源管理者提供了宝贵的经验范例，说明生物多样性对特定灾难性环境变化的反应可以期待什么，以及如何最好地进行未来规划。第一个研究目标是提供一个即时的“台风过后”物种和丰度调查数据集，以补充之前偶然的5年努力。研究小组有10多个经过充分研究的地点，已经为这些地点制定了全面的清单，他们将在这些地点评估台风造成的物种群落变化。所有调查方法都基于在菲律宾经过验证的实地研究计划。研究小组勘察地点，建立营地，点燃横断面，建造诱捕阵列(哺乳动物的捕捉陷阱和活体陷阱；哺乳动物、两栖动物和爬行动物的陷阱、漏斗陷阱和粘合剂陷阱；鸟类和蝙蝠的雾网和竖琴陷阱)，收集和处理活动物，收集所有相关数据，照片标本，筛选脊椎动物寄生虫，保存基因样本，并准备现代博物馆标本，包括相关的生态和微生境数据。Resurveys将与从卫星图像在两个空间分辨率上开发的植被变化分析相联系，从而使基于点的调查结果得以广泛扩展，以推断台风对整个菲律宾群岛的影响。第二个主要目标是在标准化调查方法和数据分析框架方面培训一批合作的科学家，为2014年调查后3年、5年和10年可持续的一系列后续研究奠定基础。这将通过以下方式实现：(1)在菲律宾建立一个由参与研究人员、学生、地方政府单位和保护非政府组织组成的合作网络；(2)目前有效的研究许可，允许收集和出口生物标本；(3)在几所主要大学和菲律宾国家博物馆建立后勤基础设施和东道主赞助；(4)设备、用品和可立即使用的四轮驱动野战车辆；以及(5)与NSF PI奖获得者合作过的活跃研究的国内同行。通过让来自美国和菲律宾的学生(以及他们的导师)参与，这项研究确保了多代学术合作，最大限度地提高了培训和能力建设，以实现研究目标。

This research award will use the unique event of the 2013 hyper-typhoon Haiya in the Philippines to learn about the impacts of massive, natural catastrophes on the survival and potential recovery of vertebrate animal populations and species. This is premised on the fact that the research team had been conducting comprehensive vertebrate species surveys for about five years in the Philippine archipelago immediately prior to the recent typhoon. This work is important because such studies have not been conducted before, and they can tell us a great deal about the processes of local extirpation, colonization, adaptation and recovery or extinction of both populations and species. In a time of global environmental change, such studies provide society and resource managers with valuable empirical examples of what can be expected regarding the responses of biological diversity to particular catastrophic environmental changes, and how planning for the future might best proceed.The first research objective is to provide an immediate "after the typhoon" species and abundance survey dataset to complement the prior, fortuitous 5 year effort. The research team has over 10 well-studied sites for which comprehensive inventories are already developed, and where they will assess species community changes caused by the typhoon. All survey methods are based on a proven field research program in the Philippines. The research team scouts sites, establishes camps, blazes transects, constructs trapping arrays (snap traps and live traps for mammals; pit fall traps, funnel traps, and adhesive traps for mammals, amphibians, and reptiles; and mist nets and harp traps for birds and bats), collects and handles live animals, collects all relevant data, photographs specimens, screens vertebrates for parasites, preserves genetic samples, and prepares modern museum specimens including associated ecological and microhabitat data. Resurveys will be linked to analyses of vegetation change developed from satellite imagery at two spatial resolutions, permitting broad extension of the point-based survey results to infer effects of the typhoon across the entire Philippine archipelago. The second main goal is to train a cohort of collaborating scientists in standardized survey methodology and data analysis frameworks to set the stage for a sustainable series of follow-up studies 3, 5, and 10 years after the 2014 surveys. This will be accomplished using (1) an established collaborative network in the Philippines of participating researchers, students, local government units, and conservation NGOs; (2) currently valid research permissions that allow for collection and export of biological specimens; (3) established logistical infrastructure and host sponsorship at several major universities and the national museum of the Philippines; (4) equipment, supplies, and a 4-wheel drive field vehicle ready for immediate use; and (5) research-active in-country counterparts with a proven track record of working with the NSF PI awardees. By involving students from both the U.S. and the Philippines (and their advisors) the research ensures a multi-academic-generational collaboration that maximizes training and capacity building to achieve research objectives.