MRSEC: Center for Nanoscale Science

****非技术摘要****当新型的物质组织和行为被构思、创造和控制时，变革的进步就发生了。宾夕法尼亚州立大学纳米科学中心创建了四个跨学科研究小组（irg）来实现这一目标。IRG1团队预测、合成并开发了层状材料，这些材料以新的方式将电、磁和机械性能结合在一起，在手机、高功率电子设备、非易失性存储器、超声波和精密驱动方面具有潜在的应用前景。在IRG2中，开发了自供电活性材料，通过其集体行为来感知和响应环境，捕获非生物系统中生物行为的关键要素，在生物医学，诊断和传感器以及自主材料修复方面具有潜在的应用前景。IRG3是电子金属晶格的先驱，该系统通过创新的高压合成在几纳米长度的尺度上以三维形式组织材料，具有独特的电子，光学，磁性和热学性质。在IRG4中，光被用来调制各种纳米颗粒阵列的可控、可重构组装，这些纳米颗粒阵列有目的地设计为新型光学器件和生物传感提供独特的集体电子和光学特性。然后，这种有凝聚力的共享科学文化被扩展到教育和激励未来的科学家和公众成员，通过工业推广将进步推向市场，并通过国际合作和设施网络接触更广泛的社区。动手材料导向的工具包，智能手机应用程序，暑期科学营，以及支持来自不同背景的学生的项目每年达到数千名学生。所有职业阶段的研究人员都将被灌输一种自然的期望，即材料研究自然地达到跨学科，并向不同背景的个人开放。****技术摘要****IRG1“将功能设计成层状铁”的目标是从原子水平开始的材料响应的电场控制，利用几何，拓扑，组成和梯度来设计和发现具有强耦合自旋，电荷和晶格自由度的无中心层状氧化物的基本新机制和材料类别。IRG2“纳米级动力运动”设计合成活性物质，展示基于运动相互作用的紧急特性和复杂功能，利用合成运动系统，允许控制活性物质的关键特征，而不受生物体的限制。IRG3“高压电子元晶格”利用一种独特的能力，用高质量的晶体半导体填充~10nm的孔隙，并用高谐波超快相干光子对其进行表征，利用这些技术创建了一类新的有序3D元晶格，可以根据纳米尺度的结构顺序调制电子、磁性和振动自由度。IRG4“用于集体功能的多组件组件”利用光学调制、梯度驱动的异质、可重构粒子阵列组件的原理，创建由集合的集体属性决定功能的电子和光子架构。

****Nontechnical abstract****Transformative advances occur when new types of material organization and behavior are conceived, created, and controlled. The Penn State Center for Nanoscale Science creates four interdisciplinary research groups (IRGs) to meet this goal. The IRG1 team predicts, synthesizes and develops layered materials that couple together electrical, magnetic and mechanical properties in new ways with potential application in cell phones, high-power electronic devices, nonvolatile memory, ultrasound, and precision actuation. In IRG2, self-powered active materials are developed to sense and react to the environment through their collective behavior, capturing key elements of biological behavior in abiotic systems with potential application in biomedicine, diagnostics and sensors, and autonomous materials repair. IRG3 is pioneering the development of electronic metalattices, systems that organize materials in three dimensions on a few-nanometer length scale through innovative high-pressure synthesis, with unique electronic, optical, magnetic and thermal properties. In IRG4, light is used to modulate the controlled, reconfigurable assembly of diverse arrays of nanoparticles purposefully designed to harbor unique collective electronic and optical properties for new types of optical devices and bioinspired sensing. This cohesive culture of shared science is then extended to educate and inspire future scientists and members of the public, bring advances to market through industrial outreach, and reach the wider community through international collaboration and facilities networks. Hands-on materials-oriented kits, smartphone apps, summer science camps, and programs to support students from diverse backgrounds reach thousands of students each year. Researchers at all career stages will be instilled with a native expectation that materials research naturally reaches across disciplines and is open to individuals with diverse backgrounds.****Technical abstract****IRG1 "Designing Functionality into Layered Ferroics" targets the electric-field control of material response starting from the level of atoms, exploiting geometry, topology, composition, and gradients to design and discover fundamental new mechanisms and material classes of acentric layered oxides with strong coupling to spin, charge and lattice degrees of freedom. IRG2 "Powered Motion at the Nanoscale" designs synthetic active matter that exhibits emergent properties and complex functions based on motor interactions, taking advantage of synthetic motor systems that allow control of the critical features of active matter free from the constraints of living organisms. IRG3 "High-Pressure Enabled Electronic Metalattices" exploits a unique capability to fill ~10nm pores with high-quality crystalline semiconductors and characterize them with high-harmonic ultrafast coherent photons, deploying these techniques to create a new class of ordered 3D metalattices that modulate electronic, magnetic, and vibrational degrees of freedom against nm-scale structural order. IRG4 "Multicomponent Assemblies for Collective Function" exploits principles of optically modulated, gradient-driven assembly of heterogeneous, reconfigura-ble particle arrays to create electronic and photonic architectures with functions determined by the collective properties of the ensemble.