US - UK and Jamaica Planning Visits: Initiating an international collaborative network on the impacts of private yard management for people and urban biodiversity

非技术性解释该CNIC建立了国际合作和国际多城市研究网络。它将导致确定庭院管理决策如何影响城市鸟类种群，这些决策的理由以及它们如何通过提供生态系统服务来影响人们。这个由导师领导的公民科学项目在美国五个城市运行，具有双重目标，即对鸟类人口统计学进行科学调查，并教育公众了解鸟类生物学和科学过程。请求为四名美国科学家对谢菲尔德的两次规划访问和对牙买加蒙特哥湾的一次规划访问提供资金。这将a）提供咨询与专家城市生态学家和社会科学家的国际团队（美国，英国牙买加），B）收集试点数据证明的概念和出口NN到英国和牙买加的可行性，和c）提供一个大纲CNH的建议。该CNIC提案由Susannah Lerman博士（PI，马萨诸塞州大学）和Peter Marra博士（共同PI，史密森学会）领导。卡尔·埃文斯博士，主要的外国合作者（英国谢菲尔德大学）将通过共同组织和积极参与所有活动，并贡献他在鸟类城市生态学和多学科研究方面的专业知识来建立国际网络。由于快速的全球城市化，城市地区的性质将对确定地球仪？中国的生物多样性及其向城市化人口提供生态系统服务的能力--预计到2050年，80%的人口将生活在城市地区。该研究计划将确定庭院管理如何影响城市生物多样性和人民？通过提供生态系统服务，促进健康和福祉。因此，CNIC有助于保护生物多样性和生活质量的主要社会目标。其遗产将包括来自世界领先机构的杰出国际合作者网络，包括学术界、非政府组织（BirdsCarribean英国鸟类学信托基金）和政府机构（林务局史密森）。通过将NN出口到英国和牙买加，CNIC将进一步提高全球范围内的科学素养，并使公众能够提高他们的地方感和对生态过程的理解。美国和英国研究生的参与提供了出色的培训机会，并在截然不同的文化和生态背景下接触跨学科研究。为了引起更多人对犯罪信息中心的关注？合作者将为2016年美国生态学会会议提交一份专题讨论会提案。技术说明城市生态学在很大程度上是作为使用不同方法的孤立研究取得进展的，这阻碍了城市和地区之间的比较。为了解决这一问题，CNIC提案在城市研究站点的国际网络中建立了一致的研究方法。CNIC以及后续研究将是第一项专门针对私人庭院管理决策（植物选择、化学投入物的使用等）的研究影响鸟类生存、繁殖成功以及健康和生理反应。该网络还将探讨推动庭院管理决策，参与公民科学和管理的动机。调整NN模型可以深入了解庭院作为社会生态系统的功能。城市网络跨越一系列文化、社会经济和气候背景。因此，它在解决全球范围内城市生态学的一个关键知识空白方面具有相当大的潜力，即庭院管理、生物多样性应对措施和生态系统服务提供后果之间的联系。实现这一目标对于制定有效的庭院管理计划至关重要，这些计划可以提高野生动物和人类的城市可持续性。为了实现这一目标，CNIC将建立统一的方法来测量鸟类的生物反应和评估人类对庭院管理和参与科学研究的态度。一致的方法将使跨越国际边界的直接比较成为可能，并评估这种联系如何在不同的文化和生态条件下普遍存在。

a non-technical explanation This CNIC establishes international collaborations and an international multi-city research network. It will lead to determine how yard management decisions influence urban bird populations, the rationale for these decisions and how they feedback to influence people through ecosystem service provision. This mentor led citizen science project runs in five US cities and has the dual objectives of scientific inquiry on avian demographics, and educating the public about bird biology and the scientific process. Funding is requested for two planning visits to Sheffield and one planning visit to Montego Bay, Jamaica for four US scientists. These will a) provide consultation with an international team (US, UK & Jamaica) of expert urban ecologists and social scientists, b) collect pilot data demonstrating proof of concept and the feasibility of exporting NN to the UK and Jamaica, and c) deliver an outline CNH proposal. This CNIC proposal is led by Dr. Susannah Lerman (PI, University of Massachusetts) and Dr. Peter Marra (co-PI, Smithsonian Institution). Dr. Karl Evans, the primary foreign collaborator (University of Sheffield, UK) will be instrumental in establishing the international network by co-organizing and actively participating in all activities, and contributing his expertise in avian urban ecology and multi-disciplinary research.Due to rapid global urbanization the nature of urban areas will make a significant contribution to determining the globe?s biodiversity, and its ability to deliver ecosystem services to an urbanized population - 80% of people are predicted to live in urban areas by 2050. The research program will establish how yard management influences urban biodiversity and peoples? health and well-being through the provision of ecosystem services. The CNIC thus contributes to major societal goals of preserving biodiversity and quality of life. Its legacy will include an outstanding network of international collaborators from world-leading institutions, including academics, NGOs (BirdsCarribean & British Trust for Ornithology) and government agencies (Forest Service & Smithsonian). By exporting the NN to the UK and Jamaica, the CNIC will further increase scientific literacy within a global context and enable the public to increase their sense of place and understanding of ecological processes. US and UK graduate student participation provides outstanding training opportunities and an exposure to interdisciplinary research within vastly different cultural and ecological contexts. To draw wider attention to the CNIC?s activities the collaborators will submit a symposium proposal for the 2016 Ecological Society of America conference.a technical description Urban ecology has largely progressed as isolated studies that use divergent methodologies, hindering comparisons between cities and regions. To address this, the CNIC proposal establishes a consistent research methodology across an international network of urban research sites. The CNIC, and follow on research, will be the first study to address specifically how private yard management decisions (plant choices, use of chemical inputs etc.) influence avian survival, reproductive success, and health and physiological responses. The network will also explore the motivations driving yard management decisions, participation in citizen science and stewardship. Adapting the NN model enables the acquisition of in-depth knowledge of how yards function as a social-ecological system. The network of cities spans a range of cultural, socio-economic and climatic contexts. It thus has considerable potential to address a key knowledge gap in urban ecology at a global scale, i.e. the links between yard management, biodiversity responses and consequences for ecosystem service provision. Achieving this is essential for generating effective yard management programs that enhance urban sustainability for wildlife and people. To achieve this, the CNIC will establish uniform methodology for measuring avian biological responses and assessing human attitudes to yard management and participation in scientific research. Consistent methodologies will enable direct comparisons across international boundaries and assess how the linkages generalize across diverse cultural and ecological conditions.