Collaborative Research: RIPS Type 1: Human Geography Motifs to Evaluate Infrastructure Resilience

合作研究：RIPS 类型 1：评估基础设施弹性的人文地理学主题

• 批准号: 1441190
• 负责人: Roger Ghanem
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: University of Southern California
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1441190&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; RIPS; Type; Human

This project will examine how shifting motifs in the everyday rhythms and tempo of people form, interdependently, with mobile transport and communications infrastructure. The resilience between dynamics of human and engineered systems is often challenged by small wrinkles in the motifs of human geography that may shift the timing and geography of populations and infrastructure off-normal. For example, delayed starts to the workday because of winter weather can bump peak commuting off-rhythm, delay the logistics of citywide delivery systems, or produce bursts in communications activity. While these may form as small local shifts from normal in particular places and times, they can transfer, diffuse, and adapt with unforeseen consequences and serious impacts on broader phenomena as diverse as commuting, the labor market, logistics, and urban management. Understanding how these dynamics arise, form, and spread through increasingly connected systems, as well as measuring and modeling them is critical if we are to plan for them, mitigate them, and manage them. Building this understanding requires an interdisciplinary approach that bridges engineering, informatics and computing, and the socio-behavioral sciences: a multipronged challenge that is indicative of the problems that a next-generation of students and engineers will face in designing, constructing, maintaining, and managing urban systems that are increasingly intertwined with, dependent upon, and adapting to the shifting and ever-evolving patterns of our activities. Similarly, getting the right data, metrics, and models to diverse groups of urban managers, engineers, and the public-at-large in ways that can usefully inform their understanding of interdependency will be critical in fashioning systems that can better weather such challenges. A starting point in investigating these connections is to explore conventional sources of data on human geography, but to also develop extensible systems that can use newly-forming data from location-aware technologies that produce rapid snapshots of whole populations in the messy context and complexity of everyday urban life. Novel analyses on these data can produce dynamically-evolving atlases and censuses of interdependency, from which motifs of behavior can be extracted and resolved, as land-use, activity, mobility, and sociality. These motifs can inform computer models designed to explore what-if dynamics between people, place, process, and infrastructure, that better frame and describe interdependency in activity, movement, access, and information. To assist in translating this research into the public domain, the project will formalize several outputs: a set of reusable data and model outputs accessible via a community Web portal, a pilot demonstration for winter weather scenarios in Washington DC that will fully explore scenarios of interdependency between human geography and mobile transport and communications infrastructure, and a set of code libraries for use in allied model systems. Through application to substantive issues of relevance in geography, informatics, and engineering, these outputs will enable other communities to apply and adapt these methods to their cities, data, and infrastructure.

该项目将研究人们如何与移动运输和通信基础设施相互依存的日常节奏和节奏的转移图案。人类地理学的主题中的小小的皱纹通常会挑战人类和工程系统动力学之间的韧性，这些皱纹可能会改变人口和基础设施的时间和地理位置。例如，由于冬季的天气，延迟开始工作日，可能会撞到电池外通勤，延迟全市范围内交付系统的物流，或在通信活动中产生爆发。尽管这些可能是从特定地方和时间正常的地方转变，但它们可以转移，扩散并适应不可预见的后果，并对通勤，劳动力市场，物流和城市管理等多样化现象产生不可预见的后果和严重影响。如果我们要为它们计划，减轻和管理这些动力，了解这些动态如何通过越来越多的连接系统出现，形成和传播以及测量和建模至关重要。建立这种理解需要一种跨学科的方法，该方法桥接工程，信息学和计算以及社会行为科学：一种多条挑战，这表明了学生和工程师在设计，构建，维护和管理与依赖依赖性和依赖的城市系统中的设计，构建，维护和管理的互联性和管理的问题都将面临的问题。同样，将正确的数据，指标和模型传达给各种各样的城市经理，工程师和一般公共群体的方式，可以有效地告知他们对相互依存的理解，对于可以更好地天气挑战的塑造系统至关重要。研究这些联系的一个起点是探索有关人地理的传统数据来源，但还开发了可扩展的系统，这些系统可以从位置感知的技术中使用新形成的数据，这些技术在杂乱无章的环境和日常城市生活的复杂性中产生整个种群的快速快照。对这些数据的新分析可以产生动态发展的地图集和相互依存的人口普查，从中可以从中提取和解决行为基序，作为土地利用，活动，活动性和社会性。这些图案可以告知旨在探索人，地点，过程和基础架构之间的动态的计算机模型，从而更好地框架和描述活动，运动，访问和信息的相互依存关系。为了协助将这项研究转化为公共领域，该项目将形式化几个输出：可重复使用的数据和模型输出可通过社区网站访问，这是华盛顿特区冬季天气场景的试点演示，将充分探索人类地理运输与移动运输和通信基础架构之间的相互依存场景，以及一组代码库，以便在同类模型中使用。通过在地理，信息学和工程中的实质性问题中应用，这些输出将使其他社区能够将这些方法应用于其城市，数据和基础架构。