Influence of Free Tropospheric Ozone and Particulate Matter on Surface Air Quality in the Western U.S.

游离对流层臭氧和颗粒物对美国西部地表空气质量的影响

• 批准号: 1447832
• 负责人: Daniel Jaffe
• 金额: $ 84.91万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-03-15 至 2018-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1447832&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Influence; Free; Tropospheric; Ozone; Particulate

Measurements of the atmospheric concentrations of many important air pollutants have been ongoing for over 10 years at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory (MBO) located at the summit of Mt. Bachelor in the Deschutes National Forest in central Oregon. MBO is the only high elevation (2.8 km) atmospheric research station on the west coast of the U.S. To date, measurements taken at this site have been able to identify a significant trend in baseline ozone entering the U.S. due to long-distant transport from Asia during spring, explain some of the causes for variability in ozone production in wildfire plumes, and demonstrate the first evidence for a significant pool of oxidized mercury in the free troposphere. This project continues to support the collection of these data at MBO and also supports the collection of several new types of data. The new data will provide information on aerosol optical properties and on the concentration of a chemical that is predominantly produced by wildfires. The new measurements are designed to help distinguish between the sources of ozone and particulate matter related to biomass burning from those associated with urban and industrial activity and from those transported from Asia.The primary goals for the project are: (1) Examine the concentrations, interannual variability and controlling factors for ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM) and other key pollutants in the spring at MBO and throughout the Western US. The purpose is to better understand the cause for the recent positive trends in ozone at MBO and the contribution from long-range transport and from upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) events; and (2) Examine the concentrations, interannual variability and controlling factors for O3, PM and other key pollutants in summer at MBO and throughout the Western US. Emphasis will be placed on understanding the relationship between carbon monoxide (CO), O3, PM, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), and acetonitrile (CH3CN) to improve the understanding of the processes that control O3 and PM in wildfire plumes. Several specific hypotheses about the sources and transformation of various atmospheric compounds measured at MBO will be evaluated in this study. New measurements at the site will facilitate this investigation. The new measurements include: aerosol absorption using a Tricolor Absorption Photometer; particle sizing using a scanning mobility particle size spectrometer; and measurements of the concentrations of acetonitrile.

对许多重要空气污染物的大气浓度的测量已经在山进行了10多年。Bachelor Observatory（MBO）位于Mt.俄勒冈州中部德舒特国家森林的学士。 管理层收购是唯一的高海拔到目前为止，在该站点进行的测量已经能够确定由于春季从亚洲进行长距离传输而进入美国的基线臭氧的显著趋势，解释野火羽流中臭氧产生变化的一些原因，并首次证明了在自由对流层中存在大量氧化汞的证据。该项目继续支持MBO收集这些数据，并支持收集几种新类型的数据。新数据将提供有关气溶胶光学特性和主要由野火产生的化学品浓度的信息。新的测量方法旨在帮助区分与生物质燃烧有关的臭氧和颗粒物质的来源、与城市和工业活动有关的来源以及来自亚洲的来源。（1）研究臭氧（O3）的浓度、年际变化和控制因素，在春季，MBO和整个美国西部的颗粒物（PM）和其他主要污染物。 其目的是更好地了解MBO臭氧最近正趋势的原因，以及来自远距离传输和对流层上部/平流层下部（UTLS）事件的贡献;（2）检查MBO和整个美国西部夏季O3，PM和其他关键污染物的浓度，年际变化和控制因素。重点将放在理解一氧化碳（CO），O3，PM，过氧乙酰硝酸盐（PAN）和乙腈（CH 3CN）之间的关系，以提高控制野火羽流中O3和PM的过程的理解。在这项研究中，将评估几个具体的假设，在MBO测量的各种大气化合物的来源和转化。 现场的新测量将有助于这项调查。 新措施包括：使用三色吸收光度计的气溶胶吸收;使用扫描迁移率粒度光谱仪的粒度测定;以及乙腈浓度的测量。