Origin and Influence of Background Ozone in the Western United States (U.S.) from Observations at the Mount Bachelor Observatory

该项目支持在巴学士山天文台进行持续的大气化学测量，这是一个已经运行了20年的高海拔大气科学研究站。该项目包括对微量气体（包括臭氧、一氧化碳、氮氧化物和二氧化碳）、气溶胶质量、散射和吸收系数以及气象变量的连续测量的计划，以及各种机器学习/统计分析的开发。本研究的目的是调查背景/自由对流层臭氧变率的原因，以及这种变率如何影响下风位置的地表臭氧。它还包括一项研究，研究在巴舍勒山研究站探测到的野火烟雾中臭氧的来源和变化。地球表面的大气臭氧是一种污染物，对人类和生态系统都有不利的健康后果。该项目的数据将用于评估以下科学问题：(1)是什么控制了下层自由对流层的背景臭氧（O3） ？使用统计/机器学习方法预测背景O3的效果如何？(2)地面站点的背景与顺风O3有什么关系？利用本科山天文台（MBO）、气象、火灾信息、卫星数据和其他观测数据，利用统计/机器学习方法预测顺风面O3的效果如何？(3)哪些因素控制孤立烟羽中的O3（与城市烟羽相反）？使用统计/机器学习方法预测烟雾中的O3效果如何？该项目还包括使用TEMPO的卫星测量。该项目促进了MBO从华盛顿大学到里德学院的业务过渡，确保了20年测量记录的延续。里德学院主要是一所本科院校，里德学院教职员工对MBO的持续运营将确保该网站将继续用于本科生和研究生的科学培训。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project supports continued atmospheric chemistry measurements at Mt. Bachelor Observatory, a high elevation atmospheric science research station that has been operating for 20 years. The project includes plans for a combination of continuous measurements of trace gases (including ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and carbon dioxide), aerosol mass, scattering and absorption coefficients and meteorological variables, plus the development of a variety of machine learning/statistical analyses. The goal of this research is to investigate the causes of variability in background/free tropospheric ozone and how this variability impacts surface ozone at downwind locations. It also includes a study of sources and variability of ozone in wildfire smoke plumes detected at the Mt Bachelor research station. Atmospheric ozone at the Earth’s surface is a pollutant with adverse health consequences for both humans and ecosystems.Data from this project will be used to assess the following scientific questions: (1) What controls background ozone (O3) in the lower free troposphere? How well can background O3 be predicted using statistical/machine learning methods? (2) What is the relationship between background and downwind O3 at surface sites? How well can downwind surface O3 be predicted using Mt. Bachelor Observatory (MBO), meteorology, fire information, satellite data and other observations with statistical/machine learning methods? (3) What factors control O3 in isolated smoke plumes (as opposed to urban smoke plumes)? How well can O3 in smoke plumes be predicted using statistical/machine learning methods? This project also includes the use of satellite measurements from TEMPO.This project facilitates the transition of operations at MBO from the University of Washington to Reed College, ensuring the continuation of the 20-year measurement record. Reed College is primarily an undergraduate institution, and the continued operation of MBO by Reed faculty and staff will ensure that the site will continue to be used for scientific training for both undergraduate and graduate students.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.