Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Community Organization In Capital Cities

城市是政治、经济、宗教和社会生活的中心。了解他们如何运作的一个关键方法是通过调查他们的社会和空间组织，从社区，地区和种族群体的形成和相互作用的方式来看。紧凑和高度集中的城市功能在不同的方式相比，花园城市更分散的布局。作为大国首都的城市提供了关于政治组织和统治性质的独特信息，因为它们是社会领导人和中央机构的所在地。一个首都可能由一个中央集权的单一管理机构主导，也可能包含几个，这表明统治权的形式更加分散。考古学特别适合研究首都城市的社会关系，因为它可以追踪城市形成和变化的长期轨迹，以及它们与政治权力和治国之道的关系。在Elizabeth Arkush博士的指导下，博士候选人Gabriela塞万提斯将研究秘鲁的Sican首都的社会组织，重点是城市组织和互动，国内经济和生存实践，经济分化和权力关系以及治国之道。该项目将为来自各大学的美国和秘鲁学生提供当代考古技术方面的培训。这些信息将作为塞万提斯论文的基础，并将在秘鲁的Sican国家博物馆为当地社区举办的公开演讲中展示;详细的数据将通过匹兹堡大学比较考古学中心的网页提供。研究者将研究城市模式和城市生活如何涉及社会关系、经济和权力。位于秘鲁的西加国是美洲冶金技术和长途贸易最发达的社会之一。这项研究将涉及一项全面调查、系统的地表收集和城市绘图的方案。所获得的数据将用于研究首都的居住性质、其规模、密度和城市布局以及居民的社会经济分化和经济职业。这项研究将扩大目前对城市可变性和邻里形成以及城市中紧凑与分散住区的看法。此外，研究将调查权力是如何构建和实践的，并使用这些信息来完善和比较当前的治国方略和社会政治轨迹的结构。

Cities are at the center of political, economic, religious and social life. A key way to understand how they function is through the investigation of their social and spatial organization, seen in the way neighborhoods, districts and ethnic groups form and interact. Compact and highly centralized cities function in different ways when compared to garden cities with more dispersed layouts. Cities that are capitals of large states provide unique information on political organization and the nature of rulership since they are home to a society's leaders and central institutions. A capital city may be dominated by a centralized single governing institution, or may contain several, suggesting a more segmented form of rulership. Archaeology is particularly well suited to study social relations in capital cities as it can trace long term trajectories of city formation and change and their relationship with political power and statecraft. Under the supervision of Dr. Elizabeth Arkush, the doctoral candidate Gabriela Cervantes will study the social organization of the Sican capital city in Peru, with emphasis on urban organization and interaction, domestic economies and subsistence practices, economic differentiation and power relations and statecraft. This project will provide training to US and Peruvian students from various universities in contemporary archeological techniques. The information obtained, which will provide the basis for Cervantes' dissertation, will also be presented in a public talk in the Sican National Museum in Peru for the local community; detailed data will be made available through the Center for Comparative Archaeology of the University of Pittsburgh webpage.The researcher will examine how urban patterns and city life involve social relations, economy and power. The Sican state in Peru was one of the most developed societies in metallurgy technology and long distance trade in the Americas. The research will involve a program of full coverage survey, systematic surface collection and mapping of the city. The data obtained will be used to address the residential nature of the capital, its size, density and urban layout and the socioeconomic differentiation and economic occupation of its residents. The research will expand current views of urban variability and neighborhood formation and compact versus dispersed settlements in cities. Further, the research will investigate how power is structured and practiced, and use this information to refine and compare current constructs of statecraft and sociopolitical trajectories.