Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Community Organization In Capital Cities

博士论文改进补助金：首都城市的社区组织

• 批准号: 1449610
• 负责人: Elizabeth Arkush
• 金额: $ 1.73万
• 依托单位: University of Pittsburgh
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-02-01 至 2016-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1449610&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Community

Cities are at the center of political, economic, religious and social life. A key way to understand how they function is through the investigation of their social and spatial organization, seen in the way neighborhoods, districts and ethnic groups form and interact. Compact and highly centralized cities function in different ways when compared to garden cities with more dispersed layouts. Cities that are capitals of large states provide unique information on political organization and the nature of rulership since they are home to a society's leaders and central institutions. A capital city may be dominated by a centralized single governing institution, or may contain several, suggesting a more segmented form of rulership. Archaeology is particularly well suited to study social relations in capital cities as it can trace long term trajectories of city formation and change and their relationship with political power and statecraft. Under the supervision of Dr. Elizabeth Arkush, the doctoral candidate Gabriela Cervantes will study the social organization of the Sican capital city in Peru, with emphasis on urban organization and interaction, domestic economies and subsistence practices, economic differentiation and power relations and statecraft. This project will provide training to US and Peruvian students from various universities in contemporary archeological techniques. The information obtained, which will provide the basis for Cervantes' dissertation, will also be presented in a public talk in the Sican National Museum in Peru for the local community; detailed data will be made available through the Center for Comparative Archaeology of the University of Pittsburgh webpage.The researcher will examine how urban patterns and city life involve social relations, economy and power. The Sican state in Peru was one of the most developed societies in metallurgy technology and long distance trade in the Americas. The research will involve a program of full coverage survey, systematic surface collection and mapping of the city. The data obtained will be used to address the residential nature of the capital, its size, density and urban layout and the socioeconomic differentiation and economic occupation of its residents. The research will expand current views of urban variability and neighborhood formation and compact versus dispersed settlements in cities. Further, the research will investigate how power is structured and practiced, and use this information to refine and compare current constructs of statecraft and sociopolitical trajectories.

城市是政治、经济、宗教和社会生活的中心。了解它们如何运作的一个关键方法是通过调查它们的社会和空间组织，看看社区、地区和种族群体形成和互动的方式。与布局分散的花园城市相比，紧凑和高度集中的城市以不同的方式发挥作用。作为大国首都的城市提供了关于政治组织和统治性质的独特信息，因为它们是一个社会领导人和中央机构的所在地。一个首都城市可能由一个集中的单一管理机构统治，也可能包含几个，这表明统治形式更加分散。考古学特别适合研究首都的社会关系，因为它可以追踪城市形成和变化的长期轨迹，以及它们与政治权力和治国方术的关系。在伊丽莎白·阿库什博士的指导下，博士生加布里埃拉·塞万提斯将研究秘鲁首都四川的社会组织，重点是城市组织和互动、国内经济和生存实践、经济分化、权力关系和治国方略。该项目将为来自不同大学的美国和秘鲁学生提供当代考古技术方面的培训。获得的信息将为塞万提斯的论文提供基础，也将在秘鲁的西西里国家博物馆为当地社区进行公开演讲；详细的数据将通过匹兹堡大学比较考古中心的网页提供。研究人员将研究城市模式和城市生活如何涉及社会关系、经济和权力。秘鲁的西西里是美洲冶金技术和长途贸易最发达的国家之一。这项研究将包括一个全面覆盖的调查项目，系统的地面收集和城市制图。所获得的数据将用于解决首都的居住性质，其规模，密度和城市布局以及其居民的社会经济分化和经济职业。该研究将扩展目前对城市变异性和社区形成以及城市中密集与分散住区的看法。此外，该研究将调查权力是如何构建和实践的，并利用这些信息来完善和比较当前的治国方略和社会政治轨迹。