RAPID; GOALI: Sources of 1,4-Dioxane in the Cape Fear River Watershed of North Carolina and Treatment Options for 1,4-Dioxane Control

1449768 KnappeRAPID; GOALI：北卡罗来纳州Cape Fear河流域1，4-二氧六环的来源和1，4-二氧六环控制的处理方案过去，1，4-二氧六环被广泛用作溶剂稳定剂，通常被认为是与氯化溶剂共存的地下水污染物。虽然1，4-二氧六环在溶剂稳定方面的使用已被逐步淘汰，但1，4-二氧六环仍被用作工业溶剂（例如纺织工业、造纸工业、溴化阻燃剂的生产），并且是涉及环氧乙烷的制造工艺的副产品（例如用于洗衣粉和洗发水的表面活性剂的生产、某些塑料的生产）。在美国环保署最近的一项研究中，北卡罗来纳州的数据显示，所有1，4-二氧六环检测都发生在来自地表水的饮用水中。事实上，NC系统显示的四个最高1，4-二氧六环浓度也代表了全国报告的四个最高值。据报告，在摩尔县东摩尔水区Intertie的饮用水采样中，1，4-二氧六环浓度最高（9.2微克/升）。EMWD连接处的水代表从哈内特县区域水处理厂（利灵顿，NC）购买的水，该水处理Cape Fear河水。此外，我们实验室收集的数据表明，1，4-二氧六环在Haw River中的浓度高达约90 μ g/L，在来自Haw River的饮用水中的浓度高达80 μ g/L（北卡罗来纳州，Alaboro）。拟议研究的目的是（1）确定1，4-二氧六环来源，（2）确定1，4-二氧六环浓度和质量流量的空间和时间变异性，（3）评估现有使用点（POU）处理装置对1，4-二氧六环的去除，并确定控制1，4-二氧六环去除的吸附剂特性，以及（4）开发基本工艺参数，描述在地表水处理环境中通过O3/H2 O2、UV/H2 O2和UV/氯高级氧化工艺对1，4-二氧六环的氧化转化。为了实现拟议的结果，流样品和日常的饮用水供应商的合成样品将收集和分析气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）。结合美国地质勘探局的每日流流量数据，得到的1，4-二氧六环浓度和质量流量结果将用于确定1，4-二氧六环的来源，估计释放到环境中的1，4-二氧六环的数量，并估计人类通过饮用水消耗暴露于1，4-二氧六环。

1449768KnappeRAPID; GOALI: Sources of 1,4-Dioxane in the Cape Fear River Watershed of North Carolina and Treatment Options for 1,4-Dioxane ControlIn the past, 1,4-dioxane was widely used as a solvent stabilizer, and it is commonly thought of as a groundwater contaminant that co-occurs with chlorinated solvents. While 1,4-dioxane usage in the context of solvent stabilization has been phased out, 1,4-dioxane continues to be used as an industrial solvent (e.g. textile industry, paper industry, production of brominated flame retardants), and it is a by-product of manufacturing processes involving ethylene oxide (e.g. production of surfactants used in laundry detergents and shampoos, production of certain plastics). In a recent EPA study, data for North Carolina showed that all 1,4-dioxane detections occurred in drinking water derived from surface water. In fact, the four highest 1,4-dioxane concentrations shown for NC systems also represent the four highest reported values nationally. The highest 1,4-dioxane concentration was reported in drinking water sampled in Moore County at the East Moore Water District (EMWD) Intertie (9.2 ìg/L). Water at the EMWD intertie represents water purchased from Harnett County Regional Water Treatment Plant (Lillington, NC), which treats Cape Fear River water. Furthermore, data collected in our laboratory show that 1,4-dioxane is present at concentrations of up to about 90 ìg/L in the Haw River, and in drinking water derived from the Haw River at concentrations of up to 80 ìg/L (Pittsboro, NC). The objectives of the proposed research are to (1) identify 1,4-dioxane sources, (2) establish the spatial and temporal variability in 1,4-dioxane concentrations and mass flows, (3) assess 1,4-dioxane removal by existing point-of-use (POU) treatment devices and identify adsorbent properties that govern 1,4-dioxane removal, and (4) develop fundamental process parameters that describe the oxidative transformation of 1,4-dioxane by O3/H2O2, UV/H2O2, and UV/chlorine advanced oxidation processes in a surface water treatment context. To accomplish the proposed results, stream samples and daily composited samples from drinking water providers will be collected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In conjunction with USGS daily stream flow data, the resulting 1,4-dioxane concentration and mass flow results will be used to identify 1,4-dioxane sources, estimate the quantity of 1,4-dioxane released into the environment, and estimate human exposure to 1,4-dioxane via drinking water consumption.