CAREER: Environmental Seismology and Geomechanics

职业：环境地震学和地质力学

• 批准号: 1453263
• 负责人: Victor Tsai
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-02-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1453263&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Environmental; Seismology; Geomechanics

There are many Earth processes besides earthquakes that cause ground movement. In particular, turbulent river motions, and sediment transported by these motions, sea ice-ocean wave interactions, subglacial water flow, and hydrothermal activity all cause ground motion that can be observed with sensitive seismic instrumentation. This project makes use of such unique seismic observations to quantitatively better understand these Earth processes, many of which are extremely complex and poorly observed yet important both geophysically and societally. These processes also share similar basic mechanics involving the interactions of fluids with solids, and this project will result in new insights into how fluid and solid mechanics combine in nature to produce the diverse phenomena described. This interdisciplinary work helps improve flood warnings, sea ice predictions, sea level rise predictions, and an understanding of induced earthquakes.The primary goal of the project is to improve our ability to make use of seismic observations of environmental sources other than earthquakes. Improvements in applying wave propagation tools in complex environments and improvements in the interdisciplinary mechanics that governs how these sources couple seismically are the main avenues by which this goal will be attained. The new mechanics focused on here involves a better-integrated understanding of fluid-solid interactions and how these interactions combine to produce seismically observable ground motions. This is accomplished partly by analytic approximations to couple forces from turbulent eddies with nearby solids. Further semi-analytic approximations are used for wave propagation in complex media. With the primary goals accomplished, the new observations will help constrain aspects of the mechanics of these complex systems that have been difficult to observe with other techniques. This is anticipated to lead to new conceptual ideas about these systems that in turn are expected to lead to new quantitative understanding of the geophysical processes underlying the observed phenomena.

除了地震之外，还有许多地球过程会引起地面运动。特别是，湍流的河流运动，以及由这些运动输送的沉积物，海冰-海浪相互作用，冰下水流和热液活动都可以引起地面运动，这些运动可以用灵敏的地震仪器观察到。该项目利用这种独特的地震观测，从数量上更好地了解这些地球过程，其中许多过程极其复杂，观测不足，但在地理和社会方面都很重要。这些过程也有类似的基本力学，涉及流体与固体的相互作用，这个项目将导致对流体和固体力学如何在自然界中联合收割机产生所描述的各种现象的新见解。这一跨学科的工作有助于提高洪水预警、海冰预测、海平面上升预测和对诱发地震的理解。该项目的主要目标是提高我们利用地震以外的环境源的地震观测的能力。在复杂环境中应用波传播工具的改进和控制这些震源如何地震耦合的跨学科力学的改进是实现这一目标的主要途径。新的力学集中在这里涉及到更好地综合理解流体-固体相互作用，以及这些相互作用如何结合联合收割机，以产生地震可观察到的地面运动。这部分是通过解析近似来实现的，以将来自湍流涡旋的力与附近的固体相耦合。进一步的半解析近似用于波在复杂介质中的传播。随着主要目标的实现，新的观测结果将有助于限制这些复杂系统的力学方面，这些力学方面很难用其他技术来观察。预计这将导致对这些系统的新的概念性想法，反过来又有望导致对所观察到的现象背后的地球物理过程的新的定量理解。