Towards the continuous monitoring of natural hazards from river floods and debris flows from seismic observations

通过地震观测持续监测河流洪水和泥石流造成的自然灾害

• 批准号: 1558479
• 负责人: Victor Tsai
• 金额: $ 25.55万
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-05-15 至 2019-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1558479&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Towards; continuous; monitoring; natural; hazards

River floods and debris flows can transport car- and even house-sized boulders at high velocity, making them some of the most deadly and costly natural hazards. Despite this hazard, there exist few methods for continuous monitoring or early warning of these destructive processes. One of the main issues in developing monitoring techniques is that floods and debris flows easily destroy any instruments placed in their path. This project aims to overcome this challenge by developing a methodology to measure and quantify the ground vibrations produced by water and debris flows, and thus be able to continuously monitor these hazards from a safe distance. To achieve the broader goal of developing a ground motion-based flood and debris flow monitoring framework, it is necessary to understand the mechanics through which these motions cause ground vibrations, and one specific goal of this project is to develop such a mechanistic understanding. In parallel with this model development, laboratory and field experiments are planned to test the assumptions of the theories and verify the accompanying hypotheses. This work is anticipated to result in new notions for how flows interact with their channels and allow quantitative remote monitoring to be possible.

河流洪水和泥石流可以高速运送汽车甚至房屋大小的巨石，使其成为最致命、代价最高的自然灾害之一。尽管存在这种危险，但对这些破坏性过程进行持续监测或预警的方法很少。开发监测技术的主要问题之一是，洪水和泥石流很容易破坏任何放置在其路径上的仪器，本项目旨在克服这一挑战，开发一种方法来测量和量化水和泥石流产生的地面振动，从而能够从安全距离持续监测这些危害。 为了实现开发基于地面运动的洪水和泥石流监测框架这一更广泛的目标，有必要了解这些运动引起地面振动的机制，本项目的一个具体目标就是发展这样一种机制性的理解。与此模型的发展，实验室和现场实验计划测试的理论假设，并验证所附的假设。这项工作预计将产生新的概念，流量如何与其渠道互动，并允许定量远程监测成为可能。