CAREER: Understanding Surface Redox Activity of Atomically-Flat Electroceramics

职业：了解原子平面电陶瓷的表面氧化还原活性

• 批准号: 1455369
• 负责人: William Chueh
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-06-01 至 2020-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1455369&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Understanding; Surface; Redox; Activity

NON-TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION: Oxide electroceramics are crucial in energy and conversion technologies such as batteries and fuel cells. Examples of their applications include electrodes for lithium-ion batteries and electrocatalysts for solid-oxide fuel cells. Increasing, the performance of these electroceramics is limited by the characteristics of their surface. This project aims to identify the relationship between the surface atomic structure and the processes involved in the electrochemistry. Advancements in this area support a more energy sufficient economy. An integrated educational plan provides research opportunities to underrepresented high school and undergraduate students, as well as community outreach to Grade 7-12 students that builds on the Magic School Bus concept. Specifically, this project supports the development of three-dimensional slideshows featuring images of everyday objects at the nanoscale, highlighting the importance of ceramic materials and research to take students on "A Journey to the Inside of Materials". TECHNICAL DETAILS: Transition-metal and rare-earth electroceramics based on the perovskite and fluorite crystal structures exhibit significant reactivity with molecules such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and water, and are used extensively as electrocatalysts at both room and elevated temperatures. This project addresses the complex relationships between the redox activity and the surface structure using atomically-flat electroceramic surfaces primarily with controlled crystal termination, step density and extended defects. Ultra-thin overlayers deposited via physical-vapor deposition further enable precise compositional and structure control. The crystallographic and electronic structure of these atomically-controlled surfaces are characterized using synchrotron surface X-ray diffraction and surface-sensitive X-ray spectroscopy under a wide range of temperatures and pressures. Community outreach/education - A Journey to the Inside of Materials - emphasizing the magnificence and functionality of ceramic material involves curating three-dimensional slideshows featuring images of everyday objects at the nanoscale, and projecting them via the unique visualization facility at the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.

非技术性描述：氧化物电瓷在电池和燃料电池等能源和转换技术中至关重要。它们的应用实例包括锂离子电池的电极和固体氧化物燃料电池的电催化剂。这些电瓷的性能越来越受到其表面特性的限制。该项目旨在确定表面原子结构与电化学过程之间的关系。这一领域的进步支持更充足的能源经济。一个综合的教育计划提供研究机会，以代表性不足的高中和本科生，以及社区推广到7-12年级的学生，建立在神奇校车的概念。具体而言，该项目支持开发三维幻灯片，展示纳米级日常物品的图像，突出陶瓷材料和研究的重要性，带领学生进行“材料内部之旅”。 技术规格：基于钙钛矿和萤石晶体结构的过渡金属和稀土电瓷表现出与分子如氧、二氧化碳和水的显著反应性，并且在室温和高温下被广泛用作电催化剂。该项目解决了氧化还原活性和表面结构之间的复杂关系，使用原子级平坦的电子陶瓷表面主要与控制晶体终止，步骤密度和扩展缺陷。通过物理气相沉积沉积的超薄覆盖层进一步实现了精确的成分和结构控制。这些原子控制的表面的晶体和电子结构的特征在于使用同步表面X射线衍射和表面敏感的X射线光谱在很宽的温度和压力范围内。社区推广/教育-材料内部之旅-强调陶瓷材料的宏伟和功能性，包括策划三维幻灯片，展示纳米级日常物体的图像，并通过SLAC国家加速器实验室Kavli粒子天体物理学和宇宙学研究所的独特可视化设施将其投影。