Collaborative Research: From the Slab to the Surface: Origin, Storage, Ascent and Eruption of Volatile-Bearing Magmas

合作研究：从板块到地表：含挥发性岩浆的起源、储存、上升和喷发

• 批准号: 1456814
• 负责人: Terry Plank
• 金额: $ 35.97万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-06-01 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1456814&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Slab; Surface; Origin

On any given day, approximately 15-30 volcanoes worldwide are either in eruption or show strong signs of unrest (e.g., anomalously high rates of seismic activity, ground deformation, or gas emissions). Volcanic activity, including high-altitude eruptions of ash or emission of large volumes of gas, poses a significant hazard to people and property in the United States and worldwide. This is particularly true in Alaska, with over 10,000 passengers a day flying over 35 historically active volcanoes on North America/Asia flight routes. Although significant progress has been made in recent decades in understanding the physical processes occurring in the upper portions of the Earth's crust that lead directly to volcanic activity and associated unrest, there is a fundamental lack of understanding of how these shallow crustal processes link to and are controlled by the large-scale crustal tectonics and deep mantle melting that are ultimately responsible for arc volcanism. Specifically, although it is well understood that the amount of water and other volatiles dissolved in a magma plays a key role in its generation, ascent, and eruption, it is unclear why some arc volcanoes erupt 'wetter' magmas than others. Identifying large scale controls on magma volatile contents is thus critical for accurate forecasting of the frequency, volume, and explosivity of volcanic eruptions. Here, we propose an integrated geochemical-geophysical study of the Unimak-Cleveland corridor of the Aleutian volcanic arc, which encompasses six volcanoes that have erupted in the past 25 years with a wide range of magmatic water contents. This relatively small corridor also exhibits a range of deep and upper-crustal seismicity, apparent magma storage depths, and depths to the subducting tectonic plate. Our goal is to link two normally disconnected big-picture problems: 1) the deep origin of magmas and volatiles, and 2) the formation and eruption of crustal magma reservoirs, which we propose to do by establishing the depth(s) of crustal magma reservoirs and pre-eruptive volatile contents throughout the corridor. The integrated study components include analysis of volcano- seismic events and magmatic volatile analysis. Existing seismic data catalogs contain ~ 14,000 events, and some samples of volcanic eruption products are already in hand. The existence of two actively erupting volcanoes in the corridor further motivates collection of simultaneous seismic, gas (in collaboration with the USGS Alaska Volcano Observatory) and tephra samples during eruption, that reflect active evolution of the magmatic system.

在任何一天，全世界大约15-30座火山都处于喷发中，或者表现出强烈的动荡迹象（例如，地震活性，地面变形或气体排放的异常高率）。火山活动，包括灰烬的高海拔喷发或大量天然气的发射，对美国和全球的人们和财产构成了重大危害。在阿拉斯加尤其如此，每天超过10,000名乘客在北美/亚洲的飞行路线上飞行35座历史上有活跃的火山。尽管近几十年来，在理解地壳上部发生的物理过程方面取得了重大进展，直接导致火山活动和相关的动荡，但基本上缺乏对这些浅层地壳的链接和如何控制的浅层构造构造和最终对大型甲壳类的融化，最终对甲基冠军负责。具体而言，尽管众所周知，溶解在岩浆中的水和其他挥发物的数量在其一代，上升和喷发中起着关键作用，但尚不清楚为什么某些弧形火山比其他弧形火山爆发了“湿”岩浆。因此，识别岩浆挥发物含量的大规模控制对于准确预测火山喷发的频率，体积和爆炸性至关重要。在这里，我们提出了一项对阿留申火山弧的Unimak-Cleveland走廊的地球化学地理物理研究，该研究涵盖了过去25年中六个爆发的六个火山，并具有质量较大的岩浆水含量。这个相对较小的走廊还表现出一系列深层地震地震性，明显的岩浆存储深度以及对俯冲构造板的深度。我们的目标是将两个正常断开的大型问题问题联系起来：1）岩浆和挥发物的深处，以及2）地壳岩浆储层的形成和喷发，我们建议通过在整个Corridor中建立地壳岩浆储层的深度来做到这一点。综合研究组成部分包括对火山抗性事件的分析和岩浆挥发性分析。现有的地震数据目录包含约14,000个事件，一些火山喷发产品的样本已经在手中。在走廊中存在两个积极爆发的火山，进一步激发了同时收集的地震，天然气（与阿拉斯加火山天文台合作）和tephra在喷发过程中的收集，反映了岩浆系统的主动进化。

项目成果

Magmatic water content controls the pre-eruptive depth of arc magmas

岩浆含水量控制弧岩浆喷发前的深度

• DOI: 10.1126/science.abm5174
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Science
• 影响因子: 56.9
• 作者: Rasmussen, Daniel J.;Plank, Terry A.;Roman, Diana C.;Zimmer, Mindy M.
• 通讯作者: Zimmer, Mindy M.