Collaborative Research: Integration of Glandular Trichome Metabolism and Development by a Flavonoid Pathway Signal

合作研究：通过类黄酮途径信号整合腺毛代谢和发育

• 批准号: 1456864
• 负责人: Gregg Howe
• 金额: $ 45.49万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-04-01 至 2019-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1456864&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Integration; Glandular; Trichome

Trichomes are specialized epidermal cells present in most plants that optimize the production of compounds that provide protection against environmental insults. Broad interest in these epidermal "biofactories" is heightened by the fact that many gland-derived substances are useful for industrial and medicinal purposes. Although significant progress has been made in cataloging the metabolic "parts list" of glandular trichomes, fundamental questions concerning the regulation of metabolism within, and development of, the trichome structure remain to be answered. In keeping with the analogy of the trichome gland as a biochemical factory, this project seeks to address two major questions concerning the operating principles of this highly evolved structure: how are various assembly lines (metabolic pathways) within the factory coordinated, and how do changes in the demand for the assembled products (bioactive compounds) influence the way in which the factory is constructed? The research has potential to transform current views of metabolism by advancing the concept of cross regulation between seemingly disparate metabolic pathways, and defining new roles for well characterized enzymes. Glandular trichomes produce a wide variety of bioactive compounds that protect aerial plant tissues from biotic and abiotic stress. The metabolic activity of trichome glands is often dominated by the production of terpenoids and flavonoids, which comprise two of the most diverse and economically important classes of compounds in nature. Progress in elucidating biosynthetic pathways for these and other secondary metabolites has far outpaced efforts to understand the developmental cell types and structures that are often key to the biological function of defense chemicals. This research project builds on recent studies showing that terpenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis in glandular trichomes of tomato is coupled to gland development and, intriguingly, is coordinately impacted by the action of the flavonoid biosynthesis enzyme chalcone isomerase (CHI). The broad objective of the project is to combine experimental and mathematical modeling approaches to achieve a systems-level understanding of how trichome metabolic and developmental processes are integrated. The experimental approaches are grounded in the use of purified trichome glands (a single cell type) for transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses, as well as powerful genetic tools to manipulate functional processes affecting gland development and metabolism. The research may also reveal new roles for a well-studied metabolic enzyme (CHI) and broaden current views of how small molecules control metabolism. The project provides multi-disciplinary training opportunities for trainees from diverse backgrounds, including participation of undergraduate students in the Plant Genomics REU Summer Research Program. The project will increase access by diverse segments of the public to science through partnerships with the MSU Horticulture Gardens and local industry. Project scientists will partner with the 4-H Children's Garden, local elementary schools, and commercial growers of mint and other aromatic plants to provide children with hands-on learning experiences that illustrate the importance of trichome-derived compounds in plant biology.

毛状体是一种特殊的表皮细胞，存在于大多数植物中，可以优化化合物的生产，防止环境侮辱。由于许多腺体来源的物质可用于工业和医疗目的，因此人们对这些表皮“生物工厂”的广泛兴趣更加浓厚。虽然在腺毛的代谢“部分清单”的编目方面已经取得了重大进展，但关于腺毛结构内代谢的调节和发育的基本问题仍有待回答。按照将毛状腺比作生化工厂的类比，该项目试图解决关于这种高度进化的结构的运行原理的两个主要问题：工厂内的各种装配线(代谢途径)如何协调，以及对组装产品(生物活性化合物)的需求变化如何影响工厂的建设方式？这项研究有可能通过提出看似不同的代谢途径之间的交叉调节的概念，并定义特征良好的酶的新角色，来改变目前对新陈代谢的看法。腺毛产生各种各样的生物活性化合物，保护气生植物组织免受生物和非生物胁迫。毛状体的代谢活动通常由萜类和类黄酮的产生主导，这两类化合物是自然界中种类最多、经济上最重要的两类化合物。在阐明这些和其他次生代谢物的生物合成途径方面的进展远远超过了理解发育细胞类型和结构的努力，而发育细胞类型和结构往往是国防化学品生物功能的关键。这个研究项目建立在最近的研究基础上，表明番茄腺毛中萜类和类黄酮类的生物合成与腺体发育有关，有趣的是，类黄酮类生物合成酶查尔酮异构酶(CHI)的作用是协同影响的。该项目的广泛目标是将实验和数学建模方法相结合，以实现对毛状体代谢和发育过程如何整合的系统水平的理解。实验方法的基础是使用纯化的毛状体腺体(单细胞类型)进行转录、蛋白质组和代谢组分析，以及强大的遗传工具来操纵影响腺体发育和新陈代谢的功能过程。这项研究还可能揭示一种研究得很好的代谢酶(CHI)的新作用，并拓宽目前对小分子如何控制新陈代谢的看法。该项目为来自不同背景的学员提供了多学科的培训机会，包括本科生参加植物基因组学REU暑期研究计划。该项目将通过与密歇根州立大学园艺花园和当地产业的伙伴关系，增加不同阶层的公众接触科学的机会。项目科学家将与4-H儿童花园、当地小学以及薄荷和其他芳香植物的商业种植者合作，为儿童提供实践学习体验，说明毛状体衍生化合物在植物生物学中的重要性。