Predation, Competition, and Establishment Dynamics within an Insular Adaptive Radiation

岛屿自适应辐射内的捕食、竞争和建立动态

• 批准号: 1457697
• 负责人: Robert Pringle
• 金额: $ 88.29万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-05-01 至 2021-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1457697&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Predation; Competition; Establishment; Dynamics; within

Adaptive radiation occurs when a single species invades a new environment (for example, an island) and subsequently diversifies into many species, each specialized to thrive in a particular segment of that new environment. Current understanding of adaptive radiation emphasizes the importance of resource scarcity and competition as the engine of diversification; in contrast, the role of predators in promoting or inhibiting such rapid bursts of evolution is largely unknown. This research will lead to better understanding of how competition and predation interact to (a) determine whether closely related species can coexist (a prerequisite for adaptive radiation), and (b) shape the subsequent evolutionary trajectories of those species. This experiment will improve science relevant to invasive-species management, which in in the national interest. This project also involves innovations in STEM education that will strengthen the scientific workforce. Competition for limiting resources has long been thought to be the primary driver of adaptive radiation, and is the foundation for existing theory, but predation may play an equally important role in mediating species coexistence and diversification within adaptive radiations. This project focuses on the classic Anolis lizard adaptive radiation, using whole-ecosystem manipulations on 16 small Caribbean islands to assess how predation by curly-tailed lizards (Leiocephalus carinatus) affects competitive interactions between an established resident lizard species (Anolis sagrei) and experimentally introduced populations of a more arboreal lizard species (Anolis smaragdinus). Population trends, behavioral responses, diet composition, and genetic and morphological changes of all three lizard populations will be monitored. Molecular diet analysis (including isotopic analyses), radio-telemetry, and genomics (RAD-tag and RADseq sequencing) will be used to quantify variables, which will be tested for interaction and differences using standard and Bayesian statistical methods. Broader impacts include illumination of mechanisms underlying the success or failure of invading populations on islands, and the development of an undergraduate course combining interdisciplinary (including humanities) and field-based approaches.

当一个物种入侵一个新的环境(例如，一个岛屿)，并随后分化成许多物种时，就会发生适应性辐射，每个物种都专门在该新环境的特定部分中茁壮成长。目前对适应性辐射的理解强调资源稀缺和竞争作为多样化引擎的重要性；相比之下，捕食者在促进或抑制这种快速进化爆发方面的作用在很大程度上是未知的。这项研究将有助于更好地理解竞争和捕食如何相互作用，以(A)确定密切相关的物种是否可以共存(适应性辐射的先决条件)，以及(B)塑造这些物种随后的进化轨迹。这项实验将改进与入侵物种管理相关的科学，这符合国家利益。该项目还涉及STEM教育方面的创新，以加强科学队伍。长期以来，对有限资源的竞争一直被认为是适应性辐射的主要驱动力，也是现有理论的基础，但捕食可能在调节适应性辐射中的物种共存和多样性方面发挥同样重要的作用。这个项目的重点是经典的Anolis蜥蜴适应辐射，在16个加勒比海小岛上使用全生态系统操纵，以评估卷尾蜥蜴(Leiocephalus Carinatus)的捕食如何影响现有的栖息蜥蜴物种(Anolis Sgrei)和实验引入的更具树栖物种的种群(Anolis Smaragdinus)之间的竞争相互作用。将监测所有三种蜥蜴的种群趋势、行为反应、食物组成以及遗传和形态变化。将使用分子饮食分析(包括同位素分析)、无线电遥测和基因组学(RAD-TAG和RADseq测序)来量化变量，并将使用标准和贝叶斯统计方法测试这些变量的相互作用和差异。更广泛的影响包括阐明岛屿上入侵人口成败的机制，以及发展一门结合跨学科(包括人文学科)和实地方法的本科课程。

项目成果

The Difficulty of Predicting Evolutionary Change in Response to Novel Ecological Interactions: A Field Experiment with Anolis Lizards

预测响应新生态相互作用的进化变化的困难：安乐蜥蜴的现场实验

• DOI: 10.1086/723209
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: The American Naturalist
• 作者: Thurman, Timothy J.;Palmer, Todd M.;Kolbe, Jason J.;Askary, Arash M.;Gotanda, Kiyoko M.;Lapiedra, Oriol;Kartzinel, Tyler R.;Man in’t Veld, Naomi;Revell, Liam J.;Wegener, Johanna E.
• 通讯作者: Wegener, Johanna E.