RAPID: Emergency Evacuations and Risk Communication During the 2013 Colorado Flood

这项快速反应研究（Rapid）的目的是更好地了解美国家庭对山洪灾害的即时反应，以及灾害反应数据的短期方面（撤离者的持久记忆）。科学家和应急管理人员传统上使用百年一遇的洪水地图来证明大洪水的发生；然而，洪水的风险并没有被公众很好地理解。此外，调动资源进行重大灾后调查所需的时间推迟了从家庭中收集数据的时间，但人们对受灾前的信念和行动的回忆是否会随着时间的推移而改变，这一点我们知之甚少。本研究将采用弹性访谈法和入户调查来获取数据。研究人员将在科罗拉多州立大学进行实地工作（紧急情况管理人员访谈和家庭调查）。访谈将有助于研究人员验证调查工具，并评估应急管理人员在洪水应对中的观点和经验。将通过随机程序确定受灾地区的3000户家庭。这些家庭将在2014年3月和9月收到2013年科罗拉多州洪水响应调查。统计分析将用于分析调查数据。本研究的研究人员希望找到有用的紧急信息，可能会影响警告信息的内容；风险区居民对灾害信息源和洪水威胁的认知；接收警报和疏散反应的速度。此外，本研究的结果也可以为灾害响应信息的回忆提供经验证据。该项目的成果将使美国以及全世界的应急规划专业人员受益，为应急理论提供重要的检验，为灾害研究人员提供关于救灾方法的宝贵信息，并为应急管理人员提供宝贵的实用信息。特别是，确定影响人们对洪水反应的因素将提高政府机构向公众提供有关如何保护自己和家人的更多有用信息的能力。访谈和调查过程也将对研究者及其研究助理的研究、教学和学习经历产生更广泛的影响。该项目将为上海外国语大学的研究生助理提供参与数据收集、编码、分析和分析报告撰写的机会。此外，在实地工作期间建立的应急管理人员联系将促进研究人员未来的合作和研究生的就业前景。

The purposes of this Rapid Response Research (RAPID) are to better understand households' immediate response to a flash flood disaster in the U.S. and the short-lived aspects of disaster response data (evacuees' lasting memory). Scientists and emergency managers traditionally have used 100-year flood maps to demonstrate the occurrence of a major flood; nevertheless, flood risk is not well understood by the general public. In addition, the time required to mobilize the resources for a major post-disaster survey delays the collection of data from households but little is known about whether people's recollections of their immediate pre-impact beliefs and actions change over time. This study will use a flexible interview method and household surveys to acquire the data. The researchers will conduct field work at Colorado State (emergency manager interviews and household surveys). The interviews will help the researchers to validate the survey instruments and assess emergency managers' perspectives and experiences in the flood response. Three thousand households in the flooded areas will be identified through a random process. These households will receive the 2013 Colorado Flood response surveys during March and September 2014. Statistical analyses will be used to analyze the survey data. The researchers in this study expect to find useful emergency information that could affect the content of warning messages; risk area residents' perceptions of disaster information source and flood threat; and the speed of warning receipt and evacuation response. In addition, the result of this study can also provide empirical evidence on the recall of disaster response information.The results of this project will benefit emergency planning professionals in the United States, as well as throughout the world by providing important tests of emergency response theories, valuable information on methods of disaster response recall information for disaster researchers, and valuable practical information for emergency managers. In particular, identification of factors that affect people's responses to floods will improve the ability of government agencies to provide the general public with more useful information about how to protect themselves and their families. The interview and survey processes will also have broader impacts on the investigators' and their research assistants' research, teaching, and learning experiences. This project will provide graduate assistants at SHSU an opportunity to participate in data collection, coding, analysis, and analytical report writing. Furthermore, the emergency manager contacts made during the field work will catalyze the investigators' future collaborations and graduate students' job prospects.