P2C2: Relationships Between Regional Climatic Patterns, Wood Anatomy, and Hydraulic Architecture of Conifer Species in the Western US

P2C2：美国西部地区气候模式、木材解剖学和针叶树物种水力结构之间的关系

• 批准号: 1502379
• 负责人: Franco Biondi
• 金额: $ 46.19万
• 依托单位: Board of Regents, NSHE, obo University of Nevada, Reno
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-06-01 至 2020-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1502379&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: P2C2; Relationships; Between; Regional; Climatic

This project generally aims to investigate climatic signals recorded in wood anatomical features of western U.S. conifer species in relation to two leading climatic modes, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In the arid and semi-arid environment of the Western U.S., water is the main limiting factor for forest ecosystems, plant communities, and human socio-economic systems. Improved understanding of past inter-annual and decadal dynamics of PDO and ENSO variability in the Western U.S. would benefit land managers and policy makers as they prepare for possible sustained drought events projected under different climate scenarios. The main objectives of the project are: 1) to define the tree anatomical response associated with long- and short-term growth variations driven by decadal and inter-annual climatic oscillations, in particular the hydraulic acclimation exhibited during positive/negative phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and during El Niño/La Niña events; and 2) to evaluate the potential of intra-annual tree-ring anatomy as a proxy to be integrated into dendroclimatic reconstructions. The researchers expect to generate century-long time-series of anatomical features (i.e., cell size and cell-wall thickness) for five target regions of the western U.S., from the moisture-limited environments of the American Southwest and Great Basin to the temperature-limited Pacific Northwest. A total of twelve sites will be sampled by targeting climate-sensitive conifers (mostly Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pseudotsuga macrocarpa, and Pinus ponderosa).To date, wood anatomical features have been used as proxies for dendroclimatic reconstructions at limited spatial and temporal scales yet no studies have focused on the relationships between long-term intra-annual hydraulic adjustments and regional climatic patterns in the western U.S. This research, by developing and utilizing a much larger dataset than previous investigations, could also make it possible to assess the effect of sample size on the variability of climatic signals reconstructed using wood anatomy.This project will support graduate and undergraduate students, will contribute to K-12 STEM education by training high school science teachers selected from a pool of applicants to become Summer Research Fellows, and involves an international collaboration with the Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre Dendrolab.

该项目的总体目标是调查记录在美国西部针叶树种木材解剖特征中的气候信号，这些特征与两种主要气候模式，太平洋年代际振荡（PDO）和厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）有关。在美国西部的干旱和半干旱环境中，水是森林生态系统、植物群落和人类社会经济系统的主要限制因素。对美国西部过去PDO和ENSO变化的年际和年代际动态的进一步了解将有利于土地管理者和政策制定者为不同气候情景下预测的可能持续干旱事件做准备。该项目的主要目标是：1）确定与十年和年际气候振荡驱动的长期和短期生长变化相关的树木解剖响应，特别是太平洋十年振荡正/负阶段和厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜事件期间表现出的水力驯化;和2）以评估潜力的一年内树木年轮解剖作为代理集成到树木气候重建。研究人员希望生成长达一个世纪的解剖特征时间序列（即，细胞大小和细胞壁厚度），从美国西南部和大盆地的湿度有限的环境到温度有限的太平洋西北部。 将针对气候敏感的针叶树对总共12个地点进行取样（主要是黄杉、大果黄杉和黄松）。迄今为止，木材解剖特征已被用作在有限的空间和时间尺度上重建树木气候的替代指标，但还没有研究关注美国西部长期年内水力调节与区域气候模式之间的关系。通过开发和利用比以前的调查更大的数据集，也可以评估样本大小对使用木材解剖重建的气候信号变化的影响。该项目将支持研究生和本科生，将通过培训从申请者中选出的高中科学教师成为暑期研究员，并与亥姆霍兹中心波茨坦- GFZ德国研究中心Dendrolab进行国际合作。