GOALI: A Novel Flux Switching Permanent Magnet Machine for Emerging and Renewable Energy Systems

更有效地利用能源提供了重大的经济优势，减少了我们对有限资源的消耗，并缓解了气候变化。大约45%的能源通过电动马达使用，世界上大部分能源是通过发电机产生的。永磁电机和发电机在能量转换中起着至关重要的作用，广泛应用于家用电器、工业、汽车、航空航天、石油天然气和医疗设备等领域。永磁发电机用于可再生能源应用，包括风能和海浪发电。与其他电机相比，永磁电机因其相对较高的效率而发挥着关键作用。磁通开关永磁体(FSPM)是一种先进的机械，由于其在高效率、高功率密度和高速能力方面的固有优势，已经引起了科学界的极大兴趣；然而，它还没有成为商业上可行的。这台机器的主要挑战是要求非常高的基频，特别是在中高速机器中，因为目前的电力电子无法提供这样的频率。此外，较高的基频会导致电机的额外损耗，从而降低其效率。该大学和产业界的合作提出了一种新颖的磁通开关永磁电机拓扑结构，以缓解这一问题，将频率要求降低60%，提高效率，并促进对FSPM电机和应用的进一步研究。这项研究将集中在发展理论以及设计和测试一台实验机器原型。此外，该项目旨在为实习工程师提供继续教育。研究成果将纳入未来的短期课程和研讨会，并向实习工程师传播。通过加强本科生和研究生的课程，劳动力技能将为开发更高效的电机做好准备。此外，还将创建演示，以促进大学预科学生在校园参观期间的工程和高效能源实践，包括代表人数不足的群体。这些项目旨在激励当前和未来的工程师继续进行可持续的工程实践。磁通开关永磁电机的转子结构非常简单，是一种很有前途的低成本和高速运行的候选电机。它为实现更高的功率密度和更高的效率提供了绝佳的机会。目前被广泛研究的FSPM电机是12定子槽/10转子极(12/10)拓扑。这种相对较高的极数，除了高速应用之外，也是高基频要求的主要原因。长期以来，人们一直认为12/10具有产生正弦反电势和可接受的扭矩特性所需的极数最少。然而，本研究提出了一种新型的6/4 FSPM拓扑结构的研究和开发，该拓扑采用双定子结构。转子极数的减少导致基频需求减少了60%，从而减少了铁心和永磁体损耗，在相同转子速度的情况下将这些领域的效率提高了33%。这些改进导致了更高效率和更高功率密度的机器。因此，新型6/4拓扑的开发将旨在使其他永磁电机能够在各种应用中取代当前的低效率电机。在这个项目的过程中，将开发尺寸方程和其他科学技术，以量化与当前技术相比所提议的机器的好处。将开发一台概念验证机器和一台更高功率的样机来验证理论结果。

Using energy more efficiently provides major economic advantages, reduces our consumption of limited resources, and mitigates climate change. About 45% of all energy is used through electric motors and a majority of world's energy is generated using electric generators. Permanent magnet motors and generators play a critical role for energy conversion and are used in many applications including appliances, industrial, automotive, aerospace, oil and gas, and medical equipment. Permanent magnet generators are used in renewable energy applications including wind and ocean wave derived power. Because of their relatively high efficiency, permanent magnet electric machines play a key role compared to other electric machines. One developed machine class, the flux switching permanent magnet (FSPM), has gained significant interest in the scientific community because of its inherent advantages in terms of high efficiency, high power density, and high-speed capability; however, it has yet to become commercially viable. The main challenge of this machine is the requirement of very high fundamental frequency, especially in medium to high-speed machines, as current power electronics are unable to provide such frequency. In addition, high fundamental frequency causes additional losses in the motor, reducing its efficiency. This university-industry research collaboration proposes a novel flux switching permanent magnet machine topology to mitigate this issue and reduce the frequency requirement by 60%, to increase efficiency, and to promote further research on FSPM machines and applications. The research will focus on developing theory as well as designing and testing an experimental machine prototype. In addition, this project aims to provide continuing education for practicing engineers. Research results will be incorporated into future short courses and seminars, with dissemination to practicing engineers. Through this and with enhanced classes for undergraduate and graduate students, the workforce skill set will be prepared to develop more efficient electric machines. Also, demonstrations will be created to promote engineering and efficient energy practices for pre-college students, including underrepresented groups, during campus visits. These programs will aim to inspire current and future engineers to continue to further sustainable engineering practices.The flux switching permanent magnet machine has a very simple rotor structure, which is a promising candidate for low cost and high-speed operation. It provides an excellent opportunity to achieve higher power density and improved efficiency. The current FSPM machine being extensively studied is the 12 stator slot / 10 rotor pole (12/10) topology. This relatively high number of poles, in addition to high-speed applications, is the primary cause of the high fundamental frequency requirement. It has long been thought that the 12/10 has the smallest number of poles needed to create sinusoidal back-EMF and acceptable torque characteristics. However, this research proposes the study and development of a novel 6/4 FSPM topology, utilizing a dual stator structure. The reduced number of rotor poles results in a 60% reduction in fundamental frequency requirements, which reduces the core and permanent magnet losses, improving efficiency in these areas by 33% for the same rotor speed. These improvements result in more efficient and higher power density machines. Thus, the development of the novel 6/4 topology will aim to enable other permanent magnet machines to replace current low efficiency machines in various applications. Through the course of this project, sizing equations and other scientific techniques will be developed to quantify the benefits of the proposed machine compared to current technology. A proof of concept machine and a higher power prototype will be developed to validate the theoretical results.