Physics of Wind Musical Instruments

管乐器物理

• 批准号: 1513273
• 负责人: Nicholas Giordano
• 金额: $ 29.05万
• 依托单位: Auburn University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1513273&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Physics; Wind; Musical; Instruments

Sound generation in wind instruments such as the recorder, flute, and trumpet involves the motion of a compressible fluid (air). This motion can be extremely complicated, and can lead to vortex formation and other phenomena found in strongly driven fluids. Such complex fluid motion is generally found in the mouthpiece of a wind instrument or near constrictions such as toneholes, where experimental observations are most difficult. This project will use advanced computational methods to study the fluid dynamics of air inside and around several wind instruments. This fluid motion is directly responsible for sound generation, so the results of this study will lead to a better understanding of the musical tones produced by a variety of wind instruments. The computational results will also be compared, where possible, with experimental results obtained with custom made instruments as part of this project or through the experimental work of other groups. The undergraduate and graduate students who will be involved in this project will engage in experimental work and will also work on the modeling. This modeling experience will prepare them for careers in advanced scientific computing, since the methods used to solve the Navier-Stokes for a musical instrument are applicable to many problems of technological interest.The physical laws that describe the fluid dynamics central to wind instruments are well known. These laws are expressed in the Navier-Stokes equations, a set of nonlinear partial differential equations which are applicable to many situation involving fluid flow . The complexity of the Navier-Stokes equations is such that their application to realistic musical instruments (and other complicated systems) demands a computational solution, which is now feasible with available high performance parallel computers. This project will use the approach known as "direct numerical simulation" to obtain solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations for a variety of wind instruments. This will be achieved using state-of-the-art computational resources and custom designed algorithms for multicore computer architectures. These computational studies will be complemented with experimental measurements designed to test specific predictions of the modeling results, leading to new insights into these instruments. Several hypothetical new instrument geometries will also be studied, work that may identify new geometries that produce specific tonal properties not found in current instruments. The techniques that are developed in this project will be applicable in all wind instruments and will therefore be of broad interest to the field of musical acoustics and beyond.

管乐器（如直笛、长笛和小号）中的声音产生涉及可压缩流体（空气）的运动。这种运动可能非常复杂，并且可能导致涡流形成和在强驱动流体中发现的其他现象。这种复杂的流体运动通常出现在管乐器的吹口或音孔等狭窄处，实验观察是最困难的。该项目将使用先进的计算方法来研究几种管乐器内部和周围空气的流体动力学。这种流体运动直接负责声音的产生，因此这项研究的结果将有助于更好地了解各种管乐器产生的音调。在可能的情况下，计算结果也将与作为本项目一部分的定制仪器或通过其他小组的实验工作获得的实验结果进行比较。 参与本项目的本科生和研究生将从事实验工作，也将从事建模工作。这种建模经验将为他们在先进的科学计算的职业生涯做好准备，因为用于解决乐器的Navier-Stokes方程的方法适用于许多技术问题。描述管乐器流体动力学的物理定律是众所周知的。这些法律表示在Navier-Stokes方程，一组非线性偏微分方程，适用于许多情况下，涉及流体流动。Navier-Stokes方程的复杂性使得它们在实际乐器（和其他复杂系统）中的应用需要计算解决方案，这在现有的高性能并行计算机中是可行的。该项目将使用称为“直接数值模拟”的方法，以获得各种测风仪器的纳维尔-斯托克斯方程的解。这将通过使用最先进的计算资源和为多核计算机架构定制设计的算法来实现。这些计算研究将与旨在测试建模结果的特定预测的实验测量相补充，从而对这些仪器产生新的见解。还将研究几种假设的新乐器几何形状，这些几何形状可能会产生当前乐器中没有的特定音调特性。在这个项目中开发的技术将适用于所有的管乐器，因此将对音乐声学和其他领域产生广泛的兴趣。

项目成果

Navier-Stokes-based modeling of the clarinet

基于纳维-斯托克斯的单簧管建模

• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Germany
• 作者: Giordano, N.;Thacker, J. W.
• 通讯作者: Thacker, J. W.

Force on the lips of a trumpet player

小号手嘴唇上的力量

• DOI: 10.1121/1.5094763
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
• 作者: Giordano, N.