TWC: TTP Option: Large: Collaborative: Towards a Science of Censorship Resistance

TWC：TTP 选项：大：协作：走向审查制度抵抗的科学

• 批准号: 1518918
• 负责人: Sadia Afroz
• 金额: $ 189.78万
• 依托单位: International Computer Science Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1518918&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: TWC; TTP; Option; Large; Collaborative

The proliferation and increasing sophistication of censorship warrants continuing efforts to develop tools to evade it. Yet, designing effective mechanisms for censorship resistance ultimately depends on accurate models of the capabilities of censors, as well as how those capabilities will likely evolve. In contrast to more established disciplines within security, censorship resistance is relatively nascent, not yet having solid foundations for understanding censor capabilities or evaluating the effectiveness of evasion technologies. Consequently, the censorship resistance tools that researchers develop may ultimately fail to serve the needs of citizens who need them to communicate. Designers of these tools need a principled foundation for reasoning about design choices and tradeoffs. To provide such a foundation, this project develops a science of censorship resistance: principled approaches to understanding the nature of censorship and the best ways to facilitate desired outcomes. The approach draws upon empirical studies of censorship as the foundation for models and abstractions to allow us to reason about the censorship-resistant technologies from first principles. The project aims to characterize and model censorship activities ranging from blocked search results to interference with international network traffic. The research develops theoretical models of censorship; reconciles these with large-scale empirical measurements; and uses these observations to design censorship-resistance tools to deploy in practice, as both components of Tor and standalone systems.

审查制度的扩散和日益复杂，需要继续努力开发工具来规避它。然而，设计有效的抵制审查机制最终取决于审查者能力的准确模型，以及这些能力可能如何演变。与安全领域更成熟的学科相比，对审查制度的抵制相对新生，还没有坚实的基础来理解审查能力或评估规避技术的有效性。因此，研究人员开发的抗审查工具可能最终无法满足需要它们进行沟通的公民的需求。这些工具的设计者需要一个有原则的基础来推理设计选择和权衡。为了提供这样一个基础，本项目发展了一门抵制审查的科学：理解审查本质的原则方法和促进预期结果的最佳方法。该方法将审查的实证研究作为模型和抽象的基础，使我们能够从第一原则中推理出抗审查技术。该项目旨在描述和模拟审查活动，从屏蔽搜索结果到干扰国际网络流量。本研究建立了审查制度的理论模型；将这些与大规模的经验测量相协调；并利用这些观察结果设计抗审查工具，作为Tor和独立系统的组件在实践中部署。