TWC: TTP Option: Large: Collaborative: Towards a Science of Censorship Resistance

审查制度的激增和日益复杂，需要继续努力开发工具来规避它。然而，设计有效的抵制审查机制，最终取决于审查人员能力的准确模型，以及这些能力可能会如何演变。与安全领域更成熟的学科相比，抵制审查制度相对较新，尚不具备了解审查能力或评估规避技术有效性的坚实基础。因此，研究人员开发的抵制审查的工具最终可能无法满足需要它们进行交流的公民的需求。这些工具的设计者需要一个原则性的基础，以便对设计选择和权衡进行推理。为了提供这样的基础，这个项目开发了一门抵制审查的科学：理解审查的性质和促进预期结果的最佳方法的原则性方法。该方法利用审查制度的经验研究作为模型和抽象的基础，使我们能够从基本原则出发来推理抵抗审查的技术。该项目旨在描述和模拟各种审查活动，从屏蔽搜索结果到干扰国际网络流量。这项研究开发了审查制度的理论模型；将这些模型与大规模的经验测量相协调；并利用这些观察结果来设计可在实践中部署的抵制审查的工具，作为ToR和独立系统的组成部分。

The proliferation and increasing sophistication of censorship warrants continuing efforts to develop tools to evade it. Yet, designing effective mechanisms for censorship resistance ultimately depends on accurate models of the capabilities of censors, as well as how those capabilities will likely evolve. In contrast to more established disciplines within security, censorship resistance is relatively nascent, not yet having solid foundations for understanding censor capabilities or evaluating the effectiveness of evasion technologies. Consequently, the censorship resistance tools that researchers develop may ultimately fail to serve the needs of citizens who need them to communicate. Designers of these tools need a principled foundation for reasoning about design choices and tradeoffs. To provide such a foundation, this project develops a science of censorship resistance: principled approaches to understanding the nature of censorship and the best ways to facilitate desired outcomes. The approach draws upon empirical studies of censorship as the foundation for models and abstractions to allow us to reason about the censorship-resistant technologies from first principles. The project aims to characterize and model censorship activities ranging from blocked search results to interference with international network traffic. The research develops theoretical models of censorship; reconciles these with large-scale empirical measurements; and uses these observations to design censorship-resistance tools to deploy in practice, as both components of Tor and standalone systems.