TWC: TTP Option: Large: Collaborative: Towards a Science of Censorship Resistance

审查的扩散和日益复杂化要求继续努力开发规避审查的工具，然而，设计有效的审查抵抗机制最终取决于审查者能力的准确模型，以及这些能力可能如何发展。与安全领域更成熟的学科相比，审查阻力相对较新，尚未有了解审查能力或评估规避技术有效性的坚实基础。因此，研究人员开发的抵制审查的工具可能最终无法满足需要它们进行交流的公民的需求。这些工具的设计者需要一个原则性的基础来推理设计选择和权衡。为了提供这样一个基础，这个项目开发了一个科学的审查阻力：原则性的方法来理解审查的性质和最好的方式来促进预期的结果。该方法借鉴了审查的实证研究作为模型和抽象的基础，使我们能够从第一原则来推理审查抵抗技术。该项目旨在描述审查活动的特点并建立模型，从屏蔽搜索结果到干扰国际网络流量。该研究开发了审查的理论模型;将这些模型与大规模的经验测量相协调;并使用这些观察结果来设计审查抵抗工具，以在实践中部署，作为Tor和独立系统的组成部分。

The proliferation and increasing sophistication of censorship warrants continuing efforts to develop tools to evade it. Yet, designing effective mechanisms for censorship resistance ultimately depends on accurate models of the capabilities of censors, as well as how those capabilities will likely evolve. In contrast to more established disciplines within security, censorship resistance is relatively nascent, not yet having solid foundations for understanding censor capabilities or evaluating the effectiveness of evasion technologies. Consequently, the censorship resistance tools that researchers develop may ultimately fail to serve the needs of citizens who need them to communicate. Designers of these tools need a principled foundation for reasoning about design choices and tradeoffs. To provide such a foundation, this project develops a science of censorship resistance: principled approaches to understanding the nature of censorship and the best ways to facilitate desired outcomes. The approach draws upon empirical studies of censorship as the foundation for models and abstractions to allow us to reason about the censorship-resistant technologies from first principles. The project aims to characterize and model censorship activities ranging from blocked search results to interference with international network traffic. The research develops theoretical models of censorship; reconciles these with large-scale empirical measurements; and uses these observations to design censorship-resistance tools to deploy in practice, as both components of Tor and standalone systems.