Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure: Experimental Facility with Large Wave Flume and Directional Wave Basin

自然灾害工程研究基础设施（NHERI）将由美国国家科学基金会（NSF）支持，作为一个分布式，多用户的国家设施，将为自然灾害研究界提供研究基础设施，包括地震和风力工程实验设施，网络基础设施，计算建模和模拟工具，以及研究数据。以及教育和社区外展活动。 NHERI将包括网络协调办公室，网络基础设施，计算建模和仿真中心以及实验设施，包括灾后快速反应研究设施。为NHERI颁发的奖项将有助于NSF在国家减少地震灾害计划（NEHRP）和国家减少风暴影响计划中发挥作用。 NHERI继续NSF对地震工程研究基础设施的重视，以前是在乔治E.小布朗地震工程模拟网络作为NEHRP的一部分，但现在扩大了支持，包括风力工程研究基础设施。 NHERI的广泛目标是支持研究，以提高民用基础设施的弹性和可持续性，如建筑物和其他结构，地下结构，堤坝和关键生命线，以减少生命损失，损害和经济损失。有关NHERI资源的信息将在www.example.com门户网站上提供。NHERI实验设施将为NSF支持的研究和教育奖项提供对其实验资源、用户服务和数据管理基础设施的访问。该奖项将支持俄勒冈州州立大学的NHERI实验设施，该实验设施拥有两个主要实验资源，一个大型波浪水槽（LWF）和一个定向波浪盆地（DWB），用于进行基础研究，以了解和减少风暴潮和海啸灾害对民用基础设施的风险。 飓风和其他沿海风暴是极端危险的，具有升高的浪涌和波浪，大风和暴雨，威胁着近海岸的结构和关键的生命线。 飓风研究中的一个重大挑战是了解漫流灾害以及随后的荷载和结构响应。 针对具有复原力的沿海社区的可持续飓风灾害减缓战略需要考虑变革性的自然和基于自然的解决方案，包括海滩、沙丘和沿海植被在减缓沿海灾害方面的作用。海啸可能由地震和山体滑坡引发。 海啸淹没研究的一个重大挑战是在近场海啸发生时提高生命安全和社区复原力，必须迅速执行疏散计划。 横向疏散战略必须考虑到最大程度的淹没，以改善社区规划和关键设施的位置。 垂直疏散战略必须考虑建筑物的设计，以承受地震的强烈地面运动和海啸的淹没力，包括碎片的影响。可持续的海啸减灾战略必须考虑到包括海滩和沙丘在内的沿海绿地在减少海啸淹没危险方面的作用。 在该设施进行的研究可以带来突破性发现，提高社区对沿海风暴和海啸的复原力，并提供新的减灾战略，提高系统的稳健性，以及未来的适应战略，提高灾后恢复速度。 LWF和DWB都可用于研究水力-结构-沉积物现象，如人工和自然环境中的海啸和飓风淹没动力学;海啸和飓风波浪对近海岸民用基础设施的作用力;以及海啸和飓风涌浪与沉积物的相互作用，造成侵蚀和局部冲刷。LWF和DWB能够产生用于海啸研究的长周期波和用于飓风波研究的短峰波。LWF是海岸的二维表示（直接看向大海），消除了沿岸水流和波浪方向的复杂性，并允许在大尺度上研究试样的横截面。 LWF可以允许几何比例从大约1：50的比例来模拟沿海社区的建筑和自然环境的粗糙度影响，到1：1（原型）比例来模拟建筑物的波浪-结构相互作用，海滩和沙丘的原生沉积物，以及活的沿海植被。DWB通过横向延伸将系统复杂性增加到三维。 当研究复杂的港口和沿海社区时，以及当波浪方向很重要时，这是必要的。 DWB通常需要将比例缩小五倍。除了这两个资源，该设施将提供标准和最先进的仪器，以评估波浪条件，速度和响应变量，如应力，应变，负荷和泥沙输运（冲刷和侵蚀）。该设施将在第一年为潜在用户举办两次研讨会，并在随后的每一年举办年度研讨会，并将为本科生举办访问学者和研究经验。

The Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) will be supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) as a distributed, multi-user national facility that will provide the natural hazards research community with access to research infrastructure that will include earthquake and wind engineering experimental facilities, cyberinfrastructure, computational modeling and simulation tools, and research data, as well as education and community outreach activities. NHERI will be comprised of separate awards for a Network Coordination Office, Cyberinfrastructure, Computational Modeling and Simulation Center, and Experimental Facilities, including a post-disaster, rapid response research facility. Awards made for NHERI will contribute to NSF's role in the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) and the National Windstorm Impact Reduction Program. NHERI continues NSF's emphasis on earthquake engineering research infrastructure previously supported under the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation as part of NEHRP, but now broadens that support to include wind engineering research infrastructure. NHERI has the broad goal of supporting research that will improve the resilience and sustainability of civil infrastructure, such as buildings and other structures, underground structures, levees, and critical lifelines, against the natural hazards of earthquakes and windstorms, in order to reduce loss of life, damage, and economic loss. Information about NHERI resources will be available on the DesignSafe-ci.org web portal.NHERI Experimental Facilities will provide access to their experimental resources, user services, and data management infrastructure for NSF-supported research and education awards. This award will support a NHERI Experimental Facility at Oregon State University with two major experimental resources, a large wave flume (LWF) and a directional wave basin (DWB), for conducting fundamental research to understand and reduce risks to civil infrastructure from windstorm surge and tsunami hazards. Hurricanes and other coastal windstorms are extreme hazards with elevated surge and waves, high winds, and intense rains that threaten near-coast structures and critical lifelines. A grand challenge in hurricane research is to understand the overland flow hazard and the subsequent loads and structural responses. Sustainable hurricane hazard mitigation strategies for resilient coastal communities will need to consider transformative natural and nature-based solutions, including the role of beaches, dunes, and coastal vegetation in mitigating coastal hazards. Tsunamis can be triggered by seismic events and landslides. A grand challenge in tsunami inundation research is to increase life safety and community resilience in the event of a near-field tsunami, where evacuation plans must be rapidly executed. Horizontal evacuation strategies must consider the maximum extent of the inundation to improve community planning and the location of critical facilities. Vertical evacuation strategies must consider design of structures to withstand both the strong ground motion of the earthquake followed quickly by the tsunami inundation forces, including debris effects. Sustainable tsunami mitigation strategies must consider the role of the coastal greenbelt, including beaches and dunes, in reducing the hazards of tsunami inundation. Research conducted at this facility could enable breakthrough discoveries that increase community resilience to coastal windstorms and tsunamis and provide new mitigation strategies that will increase system robustness and future adaptation strategies that will improve the rate of the post-disaster recovery. Both the LWF and the DWB can be used for the study of hydraulic-structure-sediment phenomena, such as tsunami and hurricane inundation dynamics in constructed and natural environments; tsunami and hurricane wave forces on near-coast civil infrastructure; and tsunami and hurricane surge interaction with sediments causing erosion and localized scour. The LWF and DWB are capable of generating long-period waves for tsunami research and short-crested waves for hurricane wave research. The LWF is a two-dimensional representation of the coast (looking directly out to sea), eliminating the complexity of longshore currents and wave direction, and allowing a cross-section of test specimens to be studied at a large scale. The LWF can allow geometric scaling from approximately 1:50 scale to model the roughness effects of the constructed and natural environments of a coastal community to 1:1 (prototype) scale to model wave-structure interaction of building subassemblies, native sediments for beaches and dunes, and live coastal vegetation. The DWB increases the system complexity to three dimensions by extending laterally. This is necessary when studying complex harbors and coastal communities, and when wave direction is important. The DWB generally requires a decrease in scale by a factor of five. In addition to these two resources, the facility will provide standard and state-of-the-art instrumentation to assess wave conditions, velocity, and response variables such as stress, strain, load, and sediment transport (scour and erosion). The facility will conduct two workshops for prospective users in year one and annual workshops in each subsequent year, and will host visiting scholars and Research Experiences for Undergraduate students.