Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure: Experimental Facility with Large Wave Flume and Directional Wave Basin

自然灾害工程研究基础设施（NHERI）将得到美国国家科学基金会（NSF）的支持，作为一个分布式、多用户的国家设施，它将为自然灾害研究社区提供研究基础设施，包括地震和风力工程实验设施、网络基础设施、计算建模和模拟工具、研究数据，以及教育和社区外展活动。NHERI将由网络协调办公室、网络基础设施、计算建模和仿真中心以及实验设施（包括灾后快速反应研究设施）组成。NHERI获得的奖金将有助于NSF在国家减少地震灾害计划（NEHRP）和国家减少风暴影响计划中的作用。NHERI延续了NSF对地震工程研究基础设施的重视，此前，作为NEHRP的一部分，由小乔治·e·布朗地震工程模拟网络支持，但现在扩大了对风力工程研究基础设施的支持。NHERI的广泛目标是支持研究，以提高民用基础设施（如建筑物和其他结构、地下结构、堤坝和关键生命线）抵御地震和风暴等自然灾害的弹性和可持续性，以减少生命损失、损害和经济损失。有关NHERI资源的信息将在DesignSafe-ci.org门户网站上提供。NHERI实验设施将为nsf支持的研究和教育奖励提供对其实验资源、用户服务和数据管理基础设施的访问。该奖项将为俄勒冈州立大学的NHERI实验设施提供两个主要实验资源，一个大波浪水槽（LWF）和一个定向波浪盆地（DWB），用于开展基础研究，以了解和减少风暴潮和海啸灾害对民用基础设施的风险。飓风和其他沿海风暴是极端危险的，风暴潮和海浪升高，强风和强降雨威胁着近岸建筑和关键的生命线。飓风研究的一个重大挑战是了解陆地流的危害以及随后的荷载和结构反应。针对有复原力的沿海社区的可持续飓风减灾战略将需要考虑变革性的自然和基于自然的解决方案，包括海滩、沙丘和沿海植被在减轻沿海灾害中的作用。地震事件和山体滑坡可能引发海啸。海啸淹没研究的一个重大挑战是在发生近场海啸时提高生命安全和社区恢复力，在近场海啸中，疏散计划必须迅速执行。水平疏散策略必须考虑洪水的最大程度，以改善社区规划和关键设施的位置。垂直疏散策略必须考虑结构的设计，既能承受地震的强烈地面运动，又能承受海啸的淹没力，包括碎片的影响。可持续的海啸减灾战略必须考虑到包括海滩和沙丘在内的沿海绿地在减少海啸淹没危害方面的作用。在该设施进行的研究可以实现突破性的发现，提高社区对沿海风暴和海啸的抵御能力，并提供新的缓解战略，提高系统的稳健性和未来的适应战略，提高灾后恢复的速度。LWF和DWB都可以用于研究人工环境和自然环境中的水工-构筑物-泥沙现象，如海啸和飓风淹没动力学；海啸和飓风对近海民用基础设施的影响；海啸和飓风与沉积物相互作用，造成侵蚀和局部冲刷。LWF和DWB能够产生用于海啸研究的长周期波和用于飓风波研究的短波峰波。LWF是海岸的二维表示（直接面向大海），消除了海岸洋流和波浪方向的复杂性，并允许对测试样本的横截面进行大规模研究。LWF可以允许从大约1:50的几何比例来模拟沿海社区的人工和自然环境的粗糙度效应，到1:1（原型）比例来模拟建筑组件、海滩和沙丘的原生沉积物以及沿海植被的波浪结构相互作用。DWB通过横向扩展将系统复杂性增加到三个维度。当研究复杂的港口和沿海社区时，当波浪方向很重要时，这是必要的。DWB一般要求将比额表减少五倍。除了这两种资源外，该设施还将提供标准和最先进的仪器来评估波浪条件、速度和响应变量，如应力、应变、载荷和沉积物运输（冲刷和侵蚀）。该设施将在第一年为潜在用户举办两次研讨会，并在随后的每一年举办年度研讨会，并将为本科生举办访问学者和研究经验。

The Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) will be supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) as a distributed, multi-user national facility that will provide the natural hazards research community with access to research infrastructure that will include earthquake and wind engineering experimental facilities, cyberinfrastructure, computational modeling and simulation tools, and research data, as well as education and community outreach activities. NHERI will be comprised of separate awards for a Network Coordination Office, Cyberinfrastructure, Computational Modeling and Simulation Center, and Experimental Facilities, including a post-disaster, rapid response research facility. Awards made for NHERI will contribute to NSF's role in the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) and the National Windstorm Impact Reduction Program. NHERI continues NSF's emphasis on earthquake engineering research infrastructure previously supported under the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation as part of NEHRP, but now broadens that support to include wind engineering research infrastructure. NHERI has the broad goal of supporting research that will improve the resilience and sustainability of civil infrastructure, such as buildings and other structures, underground structures, levees, and critical lifelines, against the natural hazards of earthquakes and windstorms, in order to reduce loss of life, damage, and economic loss. Information about NHERI resources will be available on the DesignSafe-ci.org web portal.NHERI Experimental Facilities will provide access to their experimental resources, user services, and data management infrastructure for NSF-supported research and education awards. This award will support a NHERI Experimental Facility at Oregon State University with two major experimental resources, a large wave flume (LWF) and a directional wave basin (DWB), for conducting fundamental research to understand and reduce risks to civil infrastructure from windstorm surge and tsunami hazards. Hurricanes and other coastal windstorms are extreme hazards with elevated surge and waves, high winds, and intense rains that threaten near-coast structures and critical lifelines. A grand challenge in hurricane research is to understand the overland flow hazard and the subsequent loads and structural responses. Sustainable hurricane hazard mitigation strategies for resilient coastal communities will need to consider transformative natural and nature-based solutions, including the role of beaches, dunes, and coastal vegetation in mitigating coastal hazards. Tsunamis can be triggered by seismic events and landslides. A grand challenge in tsunami inundation research is to increase life safety and community resilience in the event of a near-field tsunami, where evacuation plans must be rapidly executed. Horizontal evacuation strategies must consider the maximum extent of the inundation to improve community planning and the location of critical facilities. Vertical evacuation strategies must consider design of structures to withstand both the strong ground motion of the earthquake followed quickly by the tsunami inundation forces, including debris effects. Sustainable tsunami mitigation strategies must consider the role of the coastal greenbelt, including beaches and dunes, in reducing the hazards of tsunami inundation. Research conducted at this facility could enable breakthrough discoveries that increase community resilience to coastal windstorms and tsunamis and provide new mitigation strategies that will increase system robustness and future adaptation strategies that will improve the rate of the post-disaster recovery. Both the LWF and the DWB can be used for the study of hydraulic-structure-sediment phenomena, such as tsunami and hurricane inundation dynamics in constructed and natural environments; tsunami and hurricane wave forces on near-coast civil infrastructure; and tsunami and hurricane surge interaction with sediments causing erosion and localized scour. The LWF and DWB are capable of generating long-period waves for tsunami research and short-crested waves for hurricane wave research. The LWF is a two-dimensional representation of the coast (looking directly out to sea), eliminating the complexity of longshore currents and wave direction, and allowing a cross-section of test specimens to be studied at a large scale. The LWF can allow geometric scaling from approximately 1:50 scale to model the roughness effects of the constructed and natural environments of a coastal community to 1:1 (prototype) scale to model wave-structure interaction of building subassemblies, native sediments for beaches and dunes, and live coastal vegetation. The DWB increases the system complexity to three dimensions by extending laterally. This is necessary when studying complex harbors and coastal communities, and when wave direction is important. The DWB generally requires a decrease in scale by a factor of five. In addition to these two resources, the facility will provide standard and state-of-the-art instrumentation to assess wave conditions, velocity, and response variables such as stress, strain, load, and sediment transport (scour and erosion). The facility will conduct two workshops for prospective users in year one and annual workshops in each subsequent year, and will host visiting scholars and Research Experiences for Undergraduate students.