OP: High Order Perturbation of Surfaces Methods for Crossed Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors: Simulation, Validation, and Design

表面等离子体共振(SPR)传感器是一种相对较新但普遍存在的测量生物和化学相互作用的技术。这些装置对由于发生生物或化学反应而引起的结构折射率的变化作出反应。这种变化改变了结构内金属-电介质界面上的表面波的行为，然后对其进行测量，以形成数千种高灵敏和有效的测试的基础，这些测试不仅用于化学和生物物种检测，还用于医学诊断和环境测量。事实上，2008年的一篇调查文章(J.Homola，表面等离子激元共振传感器，用于检测化学和生物物种)。化学评论，108(2)：462-493,2008)列出了用于食品质量和安全分析(列出62个)、医疗诊断(列出33个)和环境监测(列出21个)的SPR生物传感器。自本出版物问世以来的十年里，这份榜单大幅增长。该项目将推动这些SPR传感器的数值模拟技术的发展。数值模拟将通过与实验者的直接合作进行验证和验证。在模拟相关模型方程解的众多潜在格式中，高阶曲面摄动(HOPS)算法是最优的。尽管HOPS方法对于手头的问题具有优势，但工程师需要进一步改进才能使用它们。这项研究项目旨在开发几个改进。首先，该项目将研究目前感兴趣的三维、矢量、多层结构的扩展。其次，该项目将研究边界形变和波数两个方面的散射场联合扩展的可能性。这些后一种发展将要求进行新的严格分析(本项目将提供)，以确定其适用范围。一旦这些添加被实现和测试，这些算法将根据实验室实验结果进行验证。在此之后，该项目的目标是创建一个优化框架，以设计具有增强传感能力的SPR传感器。这将包括设计适当的目标函数，然后将新的正演解算器有效地连接到最先进的最小化库。

Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensors are a relatively new yet pervasive technology for measuring biological and chemical interactions. These devices respond to the change in the refractive index of a structure due to the occurrence of a biological or chemical reaction. Such a change modifies the behavior of surface waves at metal-dielectric interfaces within the structure, which are then measured to form the basis for thousands of highly sensitive and effective tests for not only chemical and biological species detection, but also medical diagnosis and environmental measuring. Indeed, a 2008 survey article (J. Homola, Surface plasmon resonance sensors for detection of chemical and biological species. Chemical Reviews, 108(2):462­493, 2008) lists SPR biosensors for Food Quality and Safety Analysis (62 listed), Medical Diagnostics (33 listed), and Environmental Monitoring (21 listed). In the decade since the appearance of this publication the list has grown substantially. This project shall advance the state of the art in the numerical simulation of these SPR sensors. The numerical simulation will be validated and verified through direct collaboration with experimentalists.The algorithm of "High Order Perturbation of Surfaces" (HOPS) is optimal among the wide class of potential schemes for simulating solutions of the relevant model equations. Despite their advantageous properties for the problem at hand, the HOPS methods require further enhancements for their use by engineers. This research project aims to develop several improvements. First, the project will study extensions to the three dimensional, vectorial, multiply layered configurations of current interest. Second, the project will investigate the possibility of a joint expansion of the scattered fields in both boundary deformation and wavenumber. These latter developments will mandate new rigorous analysis (which this project will deliver) to determine their domain of applicability. Once these additions have been implemented and tested, these algorithms will be vaildated against the laboratory experimental results. After this, the project aims to create an optimization framework to design SPR sensors with enhanced sensing capabilities. This will involve the design of appropriate objective functions, followed by the efficient interfacing of the new forward solvers to state of the art minimization libraries.