Collaborative Research: Ecophysiological Instruments for Measuring Biotic Climate Impacts Across Western Field Stations

合作研究：用于测量西部野外站生物气候影响的生态生理仪器

• 批准号: 1522558
• 负责人: Barry Sinervo
• 金额: $ 9.92万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Cruz
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1522558&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Ecophysiological; Instruments; Measuring

Climate change has widespread regional impacts on diverse biotic systems but most field stations are not yet instrumented with automated data collection systems that would allow integrated measurements of ecophysiology of plants and vertebrates at micro-climate scales needed for detailed studies of physiology, ecology, behavior, evolution and ecosystems, both locally and across large regions. The central hypothesis motivating this instrument investment is that the risk of extinction of organisms due to climate change arises from: a) the direct effects of climate, acting via evolved physiological adaptations that exacerbate extinction risk, and b) the cascading effects of climate change impacts on plant diversity and habitats. These data, together with research that uses them, will allow us to forecast future climate impacts on biotic systems, and to eventually assess historical impacts of climate in and around each of the field stations. The Institute for the Study of the Ecological and Evolutionary Climate Impacts (ISEECI) organizes diverse scientists across the UC System and are integrating these studies with the scientists using Northern Arizona University's Southwest Experimental Garden Array (SEGA). This array of ecophysiological plant and animal sensors will ensure cross-site consistency and comparability at a sufficiently large spatial scale to address regional impacts of climate on coastal, central valley, montane and desert ecosystems of the Southwest. This new sensor network will instrument 12 sites in the California and 8 sites in Northern Arizona with data loggers and sensors designed to measure environmental parameters relevant to a wide range of animal and plant species. Selected conifers and coastal redwoods will be monitored for sap flow and soil temperature and moisture, and more open grassland/forb and shrub communities with soil temperature and moisture sensors as well as surface temperature at biologically salient heights to complement the existing system of upgraded weather stations already present at NRS and SEGA sites. Temperature sensors will collect similar data on environmental temperatures of endothermic and ectothermic animal taxa, and install phenocams to record phenological changes in trees driven by climate change. The system can be upgraded with new sensors, is expandable with respect to the kinds of data we gather and biotic systems we can instrument, and will be very adaptable for future research. The instruments will capture salient measurements of temperature and drought impacts on terrestrial systems that will allow a unified analysis of ecosystem functioning in the face of changing climate, adding scientific value to each individual field station with a more in-depth biotic record of historical change, and also across the system of field stations enhancing collaboration across the west coast and southwest region of the US. Sensor data will be available immediately online to all ISEECI and SEGA scientists groups, and once fully operational to other researchers. Integration with education and public outreach will give hundreds of students critical messages about climate change and using science to help mitigate its impacts. NAU and the UC system provide graduate and undergraduate students with many experiential learning opportunities in environmental sciences, and detailed, long-term data will supplement and contextualize classwork and research projects. UC and NAU actively work to enhance student diversity: NAU has particular expertise in reaching Native American students, while the Hispanic representation at universities in both states is increasing and being actively incorporated into campus programs and labs.

气候变化对多种生物系统具有广泛的区域性影响，但大多数野外观测站尚未配备自动数据收集系统，无法在局部和跨大区域进行生理学、生态学、行为、进化和生态系统的详细研究所需的小气候尺度上对植物和脊椎动物的生态生理学进行综合测量。推动这项仪器投资的核心假设是，气候变化导致生物灭绝的风险来自：a)气候的直接影响，通过进化的生理适应加剧灭绝风险；b)气候变化对植物多样性和栖息地影响的级联效应。这些数据，连同使用这些数据的研究，将使我们能够预测未来气候对生物系统的影响，并最终评估每个野外观测站及其周围气候的历史影响。生态和进化气候影响研究所（ISEECI）组织了整个加州大学系统的不同科学家，并将这些研究与使用北亚利桑那大学西南实验花园阵列（SEGA）的科学家整合在一起。这一系列植物和动物生态生理传感器将确保在足够大的空间尺度上跨站点的一致性和可比性，以解决气候对西南沿海、中央山谷、山区和沙漠生态系统的区域影响。这个新的传感器网络将在加利福尼亚州的12个地点和亚利桑那州北部的8个地点安装数据记录仪和传感器，用于测量与各种动植物物种相关的环境参数。将监测选定的针叶树和沿海红木的树液流和土壤温度和湿度，并监测更多开放的草地/牧草和灌木群落的土壤温度和湿度传感器以及生物显著高度的表面温度，以补充已经在NRS和SEGA站点存在的升级气象站的现有系统。温度传感器将收集吸热和恒温动物类群的环境温度数据，并安装物候记录仪记录气候变化导致的树木物候变化。该系统可以用新的传感器进行升级，可以根据我们收集的数据和我们可以测量的生物系统进行扩展，并且对未来的研究具有很强的适应性。这些仪器将捕捉温度和干旱对陆地系统影响的显著测量结果，这将允许在气候变化的情况下对生态系统功能进行统一分析，通过更深入的历史变化生物记录为每个单独的野外站增加科学价值，并在整个野外站系统中加强美国西海岸和西南地区的合作。传感器数据将立即在线提供给所有ISEECI和世嘉科学家小组，并一旦完全运行到其他研究人员。与教育和公共宣传相结合，将向数百名学生提供有关气候变化和利用科学帮助减轻其影响的重要信息。NAU和UC系统为研究生和本科生提供了许多环境科学方面的体验式学习机会，详细的长期数据将补充和指导课堂作业和研究项目。加州大学和NAU积极努力提高学生的多样性：NAU在接触美洲原住民学生方面具有特别的专长，而两州大学的西班牙裔代表人数正在增加，并积极纳入校园项目和实验室。