CPS: Breakthrough: Understanding Sub-Second Instabilities in a Global Cyber-Physical System

在技术进步的推动下，网络物理（CPS）系统将变得越来越快，这些技术进步将它们推向基础物理学设定的速度极限。该建议解决了对CPS系统在亚秒状态下超越人为干预时间的动态行为理论的需求。在这样的系统中已经观察到超快不稳定性。该理论将允许在多个尺度上建立网络，跨多个时间和空间尺度的耦合，不完善的网络通信和传感器，以及系统的自适应重组和重新配置。理论发现将根据现有的经验数据进行检查，例如，来自分散的自主市场交换网络及其强制传感器系统。该项目将告知不稳定性在多大程度上可以跨越时间尺度建立，潜在地威胁到全球范围内CPS系统的稳定性。该项目的目标是对半自主机器的分散网络中的动态进行理论描述，其中算法、传感器和网络链接的生态可能在响应外部输入时运行、适应甚至竞争。将关注亚秒行为的制度，在这种情况下，人工干预在实时情况下是不可能的。该系统数据的可用性为即将开发的多代理、复杂网络分析提供了一个试验台。该项目将解决如何减轻和最终控制不稳定性的问题。研究结果将促进对CPS系统动力学的理解，不仅在学术界，而且在从业者和监管机构之间。现代生活中普遍存在的应用领域包括市场交换系统、资源分配系统和遥感系统。有机会在研究生和本科生的课堂上整合关于CPS应用的研究和教育，通过出版物进行推广，并参与K-12活动。

Cyberphysical (CPS) systems are set to become ever faster, driven by technological advances that push them toward speed limits set by fundamental physics. This proposal addresses the need for a theory of the dynamical behavior of CPS systems in the sub-second regime beyond human intervention times. Ultrafast instabilities have already been observed in such systems. The theory will allow for networking at multiple scales, coupling across multiple temporal and spatial scales, imperfect network communications and sensors, as well as adaptive reorganization and reconfiguration of the system. Theoretical findings will be checked against available empirical data, e.g., from the decentralized network of autonomous market exchanges with its mandated sensor systems. The project will inform the extent to which instabilities can build up across timescales, potentially threatening CPS system stability on a global level.The project goal is a theoretical description of the dynamics in decentralized networks of semi-autonomous machines in which an ecology of algorithms, sensors and network links may be operating, adapting and even competing in response to external inputs. Attention will be paid to the regime of sub-second behavior where human intervention becomes impossible in real-time. The availability of data from such a system provides a test-bed for the multi-agent, complex network analyses to be developed. The project will address how instabilities can be mitigated and eventually controlled. The results are set to advance understanding of CPS system dynamics, not only among academics but also practitioners and regulatory bodies. Application areas that pervade modern life include market exchange systems, resource-allocation systems and remote sensing systems. Opportunities exist to integrate research and education concerning CPS applications across graduate and undergraduate classrooms, outreach through publications, and participation in K-12 activities.