III: Small: Collaborative Research: Curation And Integration Of Inconsistent And Incomplete Temporal Data

在当今的数字世界中，关于一个实体的不完整和不一致的信息通常可以在多个不同的数据源中找到，或者在不同时间在同一数据源的不同版本中找到。为了利用大量的可用信息，许多组织管理和集成公共（和私有）数据，以创建相关实体的全面时间视图。通过开发数据管理和集成的软件原型，该项目将有可能产生重大的社会影响。这样的原型将使用户能够根据需要构建健壮的、特定于应用程序的、一致的时间数据视图，这将导致新的应用程序类别，特别是那些涉及分析、跟踪、监控、归档和理解实体随时间演变的应用程序。该项目还将为学生提供在时间数据库、数据分析和大数据等几个关键研究领域进行培训的机会。本次调查获得的结果将被纳入纽约州立大学布法罗分校和加州大学圣克鲁斯分校提供的大规模数据集成高级研究生课程。所产生的软件工件和数据集将免费提供，以便广泛传播和分享。该项目将通过解决三个基本挑战来推进数据管理和时间数据集成方面的最新技术。首先，与非时态数据中的不完备性不同，时态数据中的不完备性可能是时变的。时变不完备性将需要引入时变null。第二个挑战是时间数据中也可能出现不一致。不一致将通过声明性地指定时间首选项和算法来处理，以解决基于这些首选项的冲突。或者，在假定不一致的时态数据库保持原样的情况下，本项目将考虑如何在这样一个数据库上计算一致的查询答案。该项目还将首次考虑在单一正式框架中既不完整又不一致的数据，这将需要在概念和实际方面取得重大进展。第三个挑战是通过使用正式的两层方法来管理时态数据的概念框架来实现时态数据独立性；抽象视图为时态数据的物理表示提供语义和具体视图。视图隐藏了较低级别的细节，并允许查询、映射和依赖的声明性、逻辑规范。欲了解更多信息，请访问项目网站http://greenwich.sites.ucsc.edu或http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~chomicki/。

In today's digital world, incomplete and inconsistent information about an entity can often be found in multiple different data sources, or in different versions of the same source at different times. To harness the rich amount of information available, many organizations curate and integrate public (and private) data over time to create a comprehensive temporal view of relevant entities. This project will have the potential to make significant societal impact through the development of a software prototype for data curation and integration. Such a prototype will enable the users to construct robust, application-specific, consistent views of temporal data on demand, which will lead to new classes of applications, particularly those involving profiling, tracking, monitoring, archiving and understanding of the evolution of entities over time. This project will also provide the opportunity to train students in several critical research areas central to temporal databases, data analytics and big data. The results obtained in this investigation will be incorporated into advanced graduate courses on large-scale data integration offered at both SUNY at Buffalo and UC Santa Cruz. The software artifacts and datasets produced will be made freely available for broad dissemination and sharing.This project will advance the state-of-the-art in data curation and integration over temporal data through addressing three fundamental challenges. First, unlike incompleteness in non-temporal data, incompleteness in temporal data may be time-varying. Time-varying incompleteness will necessitate the introduction of time-dependent nulls. The second challenge is that inconsistency can also occur in temporal data. Inconsistency will be handled by declaratively specifying temporal preferences and algorithms to resolve conflicts based on those preferences. Alternatively, under the assumption that the inconsistent temporal database is left as is, this project will consider how consistent query answers can be computed over such a database. This project will also consider, for the first time, data with both incompleteness and inconsistency in a single formal framework, which will require significant conceptual and practical advances. The third challenge is to achieve temporal data independence through a conceptual framework that will use a formal, two-tier approach to manage temporal data; the abstract view provides the semantics and the concrete view for the physical representation of temporal data. The views hide lower-level details and allow for declarative, logical specification of queries, mappings, and dependencies. For further information see the project web site at http://greenwich.sites.ucsc.edu or http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~chomicki/.