NeTS: Small: Measurement and Analysis of Second-Generation Crypto-Currency Networks

加密格式的数字数据可以安全地模拟传统形式的货币提供的功能，称为加密货币。与传统货币一样，加密货币可以生成，用于进行交易，也可以销毁。加密货币将改变互联网及其他领域的商业。在知名加密货币取得前所未有的成功之后，出现了数百种变体和一些全新的加密货币，2015年总价值达数十亿美元。随着“第二代”货币的发展，加密货币的格局——它们用于在线支付和公众接受度的变化比以往任何时候都要快。测量：对于已部署和新兴的加密货币，该提案将开发技术来发现网络结构并了解网络结构如何影响货币系统的其他属性。这些技术还将测量挖矿能力如何与网络接口，挖矿算法如何影响拓扑，以及矿工是否遗漏了某些类别的交易。分析：测量将生成多个加密货币的纵向视图，从而可以跨时间和跨货币的拓扑结构进行比较。设计：部署的加密货币网络和计算能力结构容易受到先前理论攻击的影响，攻击者通过能够比其他人更快地传播信息而获得优势。这项工作将导致新的协议，减轻甚至消除这些类型的攻击，无论攻击者控制了多少节点，这些节点如何位于网络中，以及网络中的计算能力如何分布。加密货币似乎是不可避免的，其中一些已经超过了社会思想份额的“临界点”，并被用于日常商业。新的货币不断被引入，并被兑换成美元和其他“硬通货”；这些网络越来越有可能产生财务影响，我们的设计旨在消除已确定的结构性协议故障。这项工作产生的数据将产生不同时间的不同货币网络的“鸟瞰图”，并将公开提供给研究界。对这些数据集进行更广泛的分析将导致对加密货币网络更深入和基础的理解。

Cryptographically formatted digital data that can securely emulate functions provided by traditional forms of currency are known as cryptocurrencies. Like traditional currencies, cryptocurrencies can be generated, used to conduct transactions, and destroyed. Cryptocurrencies are poised to change commerce over the Internet and beyond. Following the unprecedented success of well-known cryptocurrencies, there are several hundred variations and some entirely new cryptocurrencies that are, taken together, valued at several billion dollars in 2015. As the 'second generation' currencies gain traction, the landscape of cryptocurrencies their uses for online payments and their public acceptance is changing quicker than ever before.This proposal covers three broad areas:Measurement: For deployed and emerging crypto-currencies, this proposal will develop techniques to discover network structure and understand how network structure affects other properties of the currency system. The techniques will also measure how mining power interfaces with the network, how mining algorithms affect the topology, and whether miners are omitting certain classes of transactions.Analysis: The measurements will generate a longitudinal view of multiple cryptocurrencies, enabling comparison between topological structure across time and across currencies.Design: Deployed cryptocurrency networks and computation power structure is susceptible to previously theorized attacks, where attackers gain advantage by being able to propagate information faster than others. This work will lead to new protocols that mitigate or even eliminate these types of attacks, regardless of how many nodes attackers control, how these nodes are situated in the network, and how the computation power in the network is distributed.Cryptocurrencies seem inevitable, with some having passed a "tipping point" in social mindshare and being used for everyday commerce. New currencies are being continually introduced, and being traded for U.S. Dollars and other "hard" currencies; these networks are increasingly poised to have a financial impact and our designs are meant to eliminate structural protocol faults that have been identified. The data resulting from this work will generate "birds-eye" views of different currency networks across time and will be made publicly available for the research community. Broader analysis of these datasets will result in deeper and foundational understanding of cryptocurrency networks.