Doctoral Dissertation Research: Return Migration and Post-Conflict Governance

博士论文研究：回返移民与冲突后治理

• 批准号: 1535577
• 负责人: Virginia Page Fortna
• 金额: $ 1.71万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-15 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1535577&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Return; Migration

Violence wrought by civil war forces millions of people to flee their homes. While scholars have demonstrated how these population movements can spread and exacerbate conflict, return-migration is assumed to be a purely logistical issue. Once the war is over, people will simply return home and pick up where they left off. Yet, conflict between returning and non-migrant populations is a nearly ubiquitous issue for post-conflict societies from South Sudan to Iraq and Rwanda. Why does return-migration -- usually a sign of increased peace and stability -- so often lead to conflict? To understand this puzzle, the author develops a two part theory: first that migration during and after civil war creates social divisions based on where individuals were during the war, e.g. those that stayed, those who left and returned, and those who left and remain abroad. Second, these divisions become more or less invidious depending on how "returnees" and "stayees" interact with post-conflict governing institutions, such as property and land rights, language laws, and citizenship regimes. To test this theory, the project uses political ethnographic methods, including semi-structured interviews, documents and archive analysis, in the primary case of Burundi. The author then uses comparative case studies to demonstrate how the theory works across civil war contexts. International intervention for post-conflict statebuilding has become an increasingly high-profile issue on the international scene. However, a lack of understanding about the changing sources of violence after war, for instance as a result of migration, has hindered the development of effective policy solutions. By providing an explanation for how an often-ignored but ubiquitous consequence of civil war -- the return of displaced populations -- affects post-conflict communities, this project will generate a more holistic account of the dynamics of violence after civil war and help advance both the study and the practice of post-conflict peacebuilding.

内战造成的暴力迫使数百万人逃离家园。虽然学者们已经证明了这些人口流动会如何蔓延和加剧冲突，但回返-移徙被认为是一个纯粹的后勤问题。一旦战争结束，人们就会简单地返回家园，从他们停止的地方继续。然而，对于从南苏丹到伊拉克和卢旺达的冲突后社会，回返人口和非移民人口之间的冲突几乎是一个无处不在的问题。为什么回返--移徙-通常是和平与稳定增强的标志--经常导致冲突？为了理解这个谜题，作者发展了一个两部分的理论：首先，内战期间和之后的移民根据个人在战争期间的位置造成了社会分歧，例如，留下来的人，离开和返回的人，以及离开和留在国外的人。其次，这些分歧或多或少令人反感，这取决于“回返者”和“留下来的人”与冲突后管理机构的互动方式，例如财产和土地权、语言法和公民身份制度。为了验证这一理论，该项目使用了政治人种学方法，包括半结构化访谈、文件和档案分析，主要是在布隆迪。然后，作者使用比较案例研究来演示该理论如何在内战背景下发挥作用。对冲突后国家建设的国际干预已成为国际舞台上一个日益引人注目的问题。然而，由于缺乏对战后不断变化的暴力来源的了解，例如由于移徙，阻碍了制定有效的政策解决办法。通过解释内战经常被忽视但却无处不在的后果--流离失所者回返--如何影响冲突后社区，该项目将更全面地说明内战后的暴力动态，并有助于推动冲突后建设和平的研究和实践。