RUI: Will climate change cause 'lazy larvae'? Effects of climate stressors on larval behavior and dispersal

RUI：气候变化会导致“懒惰的幼虫”吗？

• 批准号: 1538626
• 负责人: Shawn Arellano
• 金额: $ 42.11万
• 依托单位: Western Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2020-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1538626&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; Will; climate; change; cause

In the face of climate change, future distribution of animals will depend not only on whether they adjust to new conditions in their current habitat, but also on whether a species can spread to suitable locations in a changing habitat landscape. In the ocean, where most species have tiny drifting larval stages, dispersal between habitats is impacted by more than just ocean currents alone; the swimming behavior of larvae, the flow environment the larvae encounter, and the length of time the larvae spend in the water column all interact to impact the distance and direction of larval dispersal. The effects of climate change, especially ocean acidification, are already evident in shellfish species along the Pacific coast, where hatchery managers have noticed shellfish cultures with 'lazy larvae syndrome.' Under conditions of increased acidification, these 'lazy larvae' simply stop swimming; yet, larval swimming behavior is rarely incorporated into studies of ocean acidification. Furthermore, how ocean warming interacts with the effects of acidification on larvae and their swimming behaviors remains unexplored; indeed, warming could reverse 'lazy larvae syndrome.' This project uses a combination of manipulative laboratory experiments, computer modeling, and a real case study to examine whether the impacts of ocean warming and acidification on individual larvae may affect the distribution and restoration of populations of native oysters in the Salish Sea. The project will tightly couple research with undergraduate education at Western Washington University, a primarily undergraduate university, by employing student researchers, incorporating materials into undergraduate courses, and pairing marine science student interns with art student interns to develop art projects aimed at communicating the effects of climate change to public audiencesAs studies of the effects of climate stress in the marine environment progress, impacts on individual-level performance must be placed in a larger ecological context. While future climate-induced circulation changes certainly will affect larval dispersal, the effects of climate-change stressors on individual larval traits alone may have equally important impacts, significantly altering larval transport and, ultimately, species distribution. This study will experimentally examine the relationship between combined climate stressors (warming and acidification) on planktonic larval duration, morphology, and swimming behavior; create models to generate testable hypotheses about the effects of these factors on larval dispersal that can be applied across systems; and, finally, use a bio-physically coupled larval transport model to examine whether climate-impacted larvae may affect the distribution and restoration of populations of native oysters in the Salish Sea.

面对气候变化，动物的未来分布不仅取决于它们是否适应当前栖息地的新条件，还取决于一个物种是否能在不断变化的栖息地景观中传播到合适的位置。在海洋中，大多数物种都有微小的漂流幼虫阶段，栖息地之间的扩散不仅仅受到洋流的影响;幼虫的游泳行为，幼虫遇到的流动环境，以及幼虫在水柱中度过的时间长度都相互作用，影响幼虫扩散的距离和方向。气候变化的影响，特别是海洋酸化，已经在太平洋沿岸沿着的贝类物种中表现得很明显，那里的孵化场管理人员已经注意到贝类养殖具有“懒惰幼虫综合症”。在酸化加剧的情况下，这些“懒惰的幼虫”只是停止游泳;然而，幼虫的游泳行为很少被纳入海洋酸化的研究中。此外，海洋变暖如何与酸化对幼虫及其游泳行为的影响相互作用仍然未被探索;事实上，变暖可以逆转“懒惰幼虫综合症”。该项目结合了操纵性实验室实验、计算机建模和真实的案例研究，以研究海洋变暖和酸化对个体幼虫的影响是否会影响萨利希海本地牡蛎种群的分布和恢复。该项目将把研究与西华盛顿大学的本科教育紧密结合起来，这是一所以本科为主的大学，通过雇用学生研究人员，将材料纳入本科课程，并将海洋科学学生实习生与艺术学生实习生配对，开发旨在向公众宣传气候变化影响的艺术项目。对个人业绩的影响必须放在一个更大的生态背景下考虑。虽然未来气候引起的环流变化肯定会影响幼虫扩散，但气候变化压力因素对个体幼虫特征的影响可能具有同样重要的影响，显著改变幼虫运输，并最终改变物种分布。这项研究将通过实验来研究气候压力因素之间的关系（变暖和酸化）对浮游幼虫持续时间，形态和游泳行为的影响;创建模型，以生成关于这些因素对幼虫扩散的影响的可测试假设，这些假设可以在整个系统中应用;最后，使用生物物理耦合的幼虫运输模型来研究气候-受影响的幼虫可能会影响萨利希海本地牡蛎种群的分布和恢复。