FEW NSF Workshop: Closing the Human Phosphorus Cycle

FEW NSF 研讨会：关闭人类磷循环

• 批准号: 1542770
• 负责人: Matthew Platz
• 金额: $ 8.79万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii at Hilo
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-06-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1542770&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: FEW; NSF; Workshop; Closing; Human

The Macromolecular, Supramolecular and Nanochemistry Program of the Division of Chemistry is sponsoring this workshop entitled "FEW NSF Workshop: Closing the Human Phosphorus Cycle" to be held on June 8-9, 2015 in Arlington, Virginia. Phosphorus is an element that is essential to all life. The human body contains phosphorus concentrated largely in bones and teeth and in essential biomolecules, including DNA (genetic materials), phospholipids (a major component of cell membranes) and ATP (for energy transport in cells). To build and maintain these materials, humans must ingest at least 0.7 g of phosphorus each day. Importantly, phosphorus is also essential for crops and livestocks and thus large amounts of phosphorus have been mobilized to raise soil fertility. However, great uncertainty surrounds current estimates of phosphate rock reserves. Ironically, while concerns about phosphorus scarcity have been increasing in recent years, so have concerns about the accumulation of human waste and farm-derived fertilizer that stimulates the growth of algae, including toxic forms that contaminates our drinking water supplies. Prof. Matthew Platz (University of Hawaii at Hilo) and Prof. James J. Elser (Arizona State University) co-organize a workshop to advance scalable science and engineering that will define the underlying science that must be advanced to facilitate more efficient phosphorus use in food production, as well as economically viable recovery and recycling of phosphorus at various points in the food system. The benefits of success of this workshop, and the funding and implementation of the research agenda so defined, are enormous: fertilizer food security for the 9-10 billion people expected to inhabit the earth later this century and the protection of freshwater ecosystems necessary for their water supply.The goals of the title workshop are to facilitate the interactions and collaborations of chemists with life-, geo- and social scientists and engineers and define interdisciplinary research opportunities for scientists who wish to explore the nexus of food, water and energy as it applies to the critical issue of closing the phosphorous cycle. The specific objectives of the workshop include developing a trans-disciplinary understanding of fundamental chemical processes that transpire in soils, sediments, water systems, plants and animals and constitute the pathways of phosphorous utilization and disposal within nature; brainstorming about ways to design, synthesize and evaluate new chemicals and materials that can sense phosphate ions and that can sequester and release phosphate ions on demand; and deciding upon how the stakeholder scientific disciplines (physical sciences, geologic sciences, engineering, life sciences and social sciences) can collaborate on computational, experimental, and data mining approaches to solving research problems.

化学部的大分子，超分子和纳米化学计划正在赞助这个题为“FEW NSF研讨会：关闭人类磷循环”的研讨会，将于2015年6月8日至9日在弗吉尼亚州阿灵顿举行。 磷是一种对所有生命都至关重要的元素。 人体含有磷，主要集中在骨骼和牙齿以及基本生物分子中，包括DNA（遗传物质），磷脂（细胞膜的主要成分）和ATP（用于细胞中的能量传输）。 为了建造和维持这些材料，人类每天必须摄入至少0.7克磷。 重要的是，磷对农作物和牲畜也是必不可少的，因此大量的磷被用于提高土壤肥力。 然而，目前对磷矿石储量的估计存在很大的不确定性。 具有讽刺意味的是，虽然近年来对磷短缺的担忧不断增加，但对人类废物和农场衍生肥料的积累也越来越担忧，这些肥料刺激了藻类的生长，包括污染我们饮用水供应的有毒形式。Matthew Platz教授（夏威夷大学希洛分校）和James J. Elser教授（亚利桑那州立大学）共同组织了一个研讨会，以推进可扩展的科学和工程，这将定义必须推进的基础科学，以促进食品生产中更有效的磷利用，以及在食品系统中的各个点经济可行的磷回收和再循环。 这次讲习班的成功以及如此确定的研究议程的供资和实施带来的好处是巨大的：本世纪末预计将居住在地球上的90 - 100亿人的肥料粮食安全和保护他们供水所必需的淡水生态系统。标题研讨会的目标是促进化学家与生命的相互作用和合作，地球和社会科学家和工程师，并确定跨学科的研究机会，为科学家谁希望探索粮食，水和能源的关系，因为它适用于关闭磷循环的关键问题。 讲习班的具体目标包括：对土壤、沉积物、水系统、植物和动物中发生的基本化学过程形成跨学科的理解，这些过程构成了磷在自然界中的利用和处置途径;集思广益，探讨如何设计、合成和评估能够感知磷酸根离子并能够按需螯合和释放磷酸根离子的新化学品和材料;并决定如何利益相关者的科学学科（物理科学，地质科学，工程，生命科学和社会科学）可以合作的计算，实验和数据挖掘方法来解决研究问题。