CPS: TTP Option: Synergy: Collaborative Research: Dynamic Methods of Traffic Control that Impact Quality of Life in Smart Cities

最近，“智慧城市”一词被引入，主要是为了表征技术和信息的最新进步融入我们的日常生活。虽然智慧城市没有标准化的定义，但可以肯定的是，它涉及影响城市物质和社会资本的许多不同领域。智能城市与交通控制系统交织在一起，这些系统使用先进的基础设施来缓解拥堵并提高安全性。交通控制管理策略主要集中在改善高速公路和高速公路上的车辆交通流量，但主干道没有得到适当的使用，行人大多被忽视。这项工作提出了一种新的分层自适应控制模式，城市网络交通控制，将适应不断变化的运动和互动行为，从多个实体（车辆，公共交通工具，骑自行车的人，行人）。这种模式将利用网络物理系统的几个关键思想，快速自动地确定和响应城市动脉拥堵，从而改善所有模式的旅行时间和可靠性。安全性也将得到改善，因为拟议的网络物理系统启动的高级警告将提醒驾驶员注意拥堵区域，从而使他们能够避开这些区域，或适应他们的驾驶习惯。这些发现对旅行公众的福祉、生产力和健康产生了切实的影响。主要目标是创建一个网络控制网络（CCN），该网络将无缝集成异构传感数据，以创建有效的控制方案和驱动序列。因此，该项目引入了一个网络物理架构，然后将集成：（i）异构传感器的子网络，（ii）决策控制基板，以及（iii）执行控制基板（交通控制信号，可变信息标志）决策的子驱动网络。这与更普遍的集中式监控和数据采集（SCADA）有很大不同，因为CCN将使用分层架构，该架构将动态地将子网络实例化，以快速响应不断变化的网络物理交互。这种方法允许网络物理系统实时适应在不同时间和空间尺度上发生的显著交通事件。因此，这项工作将引入一个ControlWare模块来实现这样的动态子网络的重新配置，并提供决策信号输出的驱动网络。第二个补充目标是开发一个异构传感器网络，以可靠和准确地监测和识别突出的动脉交通事件。该项目的其他影响包括将活动与从业人员相结合（例如，交通工程师），年度研讨会/辅导，并推广到K-12机构。

In the recent past the term "Smart Cities" was introduced to mainly characterize the integration into our daily lives of the latest advancements in technology and information. Although there is no standardized definition of Smart Cities, what is certain is that it touches upon many different domains that affect a city's physical and social capital. Smart cities are intertwined with traffic control systems that use advanced infrastructures to mitigate congestion and improve safety. Traffic control management strategies have been largely focused on improving vehicular traffic flows on highways and freeways but arterials have not been used properly and pedestrians are mostly ignored. This work proposes to introduce a novel hierarchical adaptive controls paradigm to urban network traffic control that will adapt to changing movement and interaction behaviors from multiple entities (vehicles, public transport modes, bicyclists, and pedestrians). Such a paradigm will leverage several key ideas of cyber-physical systems to rapidly and automatically pin-point and respond to urban arterial congestion thereby improving travel time and reliability for all modes. Safety will also be improved since advanced warnings actuated by the proposed cyber-physical system will alert drivers to congested areas thereby allowing them to avoid these areas, or to adapt their driving habits. Such findings have a tangible effect on the well-being, productivity, and health of the traveling public.The primary goal is to create a Cyber-Control Network (CCN) that will integrate seamlessly across heterogeneous sensory data in order to create effective control schemes and actuation sequences. Accordingly, this project introduces a Cyber-Physical architecture that will then integrate: (i) a sub-network of heterogeneous sensors, (ii) a decision control substrate, and (iii) a sub-actuation network that carries out the decisions of the control substrate (traffic control signals, changeable message signs). This is a major departure from more prevalent centralized Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA), in that the CCN will use a hierarchical architecture that will dynamically instantiate the sub-networks together to respond rapidly to changing cyber-physical interactions. Such an approach allows the cyber-physical system to adapt in real-time to salient traffic events occurring at different scales of time and space. The work will consequently introduce a ControlWare module to realize such dynamic sub-network reconfiguration and provide decision signal outputs to the actuation network. A secondary, complementary goal is to develop a heterogeneous sensor network to reliably and accurately monitor and identify salient arterial traffic events. Other impacts of the project include the integration of the activities with practitioners (e.g., traffic engineers), annual workshops/tutorials, and outreach to K-12 institutions.