PIRE- Coastal Flood Risk Reduction Program: Integrated, multi-scale approaches for understanding how to reduce vulnerability to damaging events

沿海洪水仍然是全世界最昂贵和最具破坏性的自然灾害。只有通过跨多个学科、环境和国际边界的综合调查，才能了解并最终减少洪水风险和相关损失。迫切需要在科学和工程领域进行项目级、跨学科的调查，这将为旨在提高沿海社区恢复能力的决策奠定基础。这个国际研究与教育伙伴关系（PIRE）项目采用了一种全面、多尺度的方法来了解如何降低沿海洪灾的风险和脆弱性。通过利用来自多个学科的知识以及德克萨斯州和荷兰合作机构的经验和专业知识，该项目小组将采用六种确定的案例研究方法，以涵盖基于涌浪和降水驱动的洪水问题。每个案例都需要综合评估、研究和教育活动，重点是物理洪水风险和建模，以及了解社会经济特征、土地利用变化、建筑环境和减灾技术。两国的多个案例研究整合了来自工程、建筑、经济和规划的教师，将解决几个研究问题，包括：1)物理洪水风险的潜在特征是什么；2)为什么人类社区和建筑环境如此容易受到洪水的影响，未来这种影响将如何增加；3)哪种缓解技术（包括结构性和非结构性）在减少洪水的不利影响方面最有效？在美国和荷兰的每个研究区域内，将启动六个子案例研究焦点，涵盖基于潮涌和降水驱动的洪水问题。每个案例都将为物理洪水风险和建模、社会经济特征、土地利用变化和建筑环境以及减灾技术的跨学科评估提供一个目标区域。结构性和非结构性策略的有效性将被调查，从而更好地了解何时采取避免和抵抗策略来减轻洪水事件的不利影响。FRRP将使现有的合作关系具体化，该合作关系由7个参与机构组成，由25名教师监督数十名学生。美国的主要合作伙伴包括杰克逊州立大学、莱斯大学、TAMU学院站和加尔维斯顿、休斯顿大学和TX Sea Grant。荷兰的合作伙伴将包括代尔夫特理工大学和德尔塔大学。美国研究人员将能够利用荷兰与洪水管理相关的数据、方法和设施。

Coastal floods continue to be the costliest and most disruptive natural hazard worldwide. Flood risk and associated losses can only be understood and eventually reduced through integrated investigation across multiple disciplines, settings, and internationalboundaries. There is a critical need for a program-level, trans-disciplinary inquiry in science and engineering that will lay a foundation for decision making aimed at increasing the resiliency of coastal communities. This Partnerships for International Research and Education (PIRE) project takes a comprehensive, multiscale approach to understanding how to reduce risk and vulnerability to damaging coastal floods. By drawing upon knowledge from multiple disciplines and the experience and expertise of partner institutions in Texas and the Netherlands, the PIRE team will pursue six identified case study approaches to cover both surge-based and precipitation-driven flood problems. Each case entails integrated assessment, research, and education activities focused on physical flood risk and modeling, as well as understanding socioeconomic characteristics, land use change, the built environment, and mitigation techniques.Multiple case studies in both countries integrating faculty from engineering, architecture, economics, and planning will address several research questions, including: 1) what are the underlying characteristics of physical flood risks; 2) why are human communities and the built environment so vulnerable to flood impacts, and how will this increase in the future; and 3) which mitigation techniques, both structural and non-structural, are most effective in reducing the adverse impacts of floods? Within each study region in the U.S. and the Netherlands, six sub-case study focal points will be initiated covering both surge-based and precipitation-driven flood problems. Each case will provide a target area for interdisciplinary assessments of physical flood risk and modeling, socioeconomic characteristics, land use change and built environment, and mitigation techniques. The effectiveness of both structural and non-structural strategies will be investigated, leading to a better understanding of when to pursue avoidance and resistance strategies for mitigating adverse impacts from flood events. The FRRP will crystalize an existing collaboration consisting of seven participating institutions with 25 faculty supervising dozens of students. Key U.S. partners include Jackson State University, Rice University, TAMU College Station and Galveston, University of Houston, and TX Sea Grant. Dutch partners will include Delft University of Technology and Deltares. U.S. researchers will be able to leverage Dutch data, methods, and facilities associated with flood management.