RESEARCH-PGR: Analysis of Genes Affecting Plant Re

转基因作物和药物在当今社会很普遍。为了有效地设计植物，必须首先将基因插入DNA中，然后含有新DNA的植物必须生长到成熟。对于许多植物来说，必须克服这些转化步骤，才能研究基因功能，并设计作物进行遗传改良。该项目使用先进的DNA序列数据库、成像和计算方法来绘制基因图谱，这些基因控制着基因工程所需的再生和转化过程。该项目开发了新的、更高效的图像采集和分析软件，使许多领域的科学家能够更快、更准确地研究植物再生和相关过程。与此同时，该项目正在开发一个项目，对高中教师和学生进行遗传学和基因组学基础的教育，作为有效沟通转基因作物和食品的重要一步。教育模块将与俄勒冈州立大学的科学与数学研究性学习体验(SMILE)计划合作，为教师课程做出贡献，这是太平洋西北部农村和服务不足社区的高中教师和学生广泛STEM网络的一部分。从单个细胞再生分化的生物是功能基因组学和基因工程生物生产的关键需求。该项目将对控制杨树再生和转化(RT)的基因进行全基因组研究，杨树是在这些特征方面研究得最好的作物物种之一。将利用广泛的杨树基因组资源，包括丰富的转录组数据库，高质量的参考基因组，以及1084个连锁不平衡水平极低的未驯化基因型的完全重新测序的全基因组关联研究(GWAS)群体。对于各种性状的基因鉴定，包括与体外再生有关的基因鉴定，已经确定了GWA群的价值。该项目将确定控制RT的遗传因素，开发基于图像分析的新现象方法，并开发新的社会科学和教育方法，向不同的高中学生和教师教授基因工程。其具体目标是：(1)探索各种RT方法，以最大限度地提高RT响应的多样性；(2)开发新的表型工具，包括图像捕获和通用的机器视觉系统，以精确确定体外表型；(3)利用GWAS，绘制与RT频率变化相关的等位基因图；以及(4)研究转基因作物的认知过程，编制案例研究和新的教材，将其提供给太平洋西北地区的农村和服务不足的社区，并通过出版物、社交媒体和会议在国际上分享S项目的见解和教学模块。

Genetically engineered crops and medicines are widespread in today's society. To engineer plants effectively, genes must be first inserted into DNA and then plants containing the new DNA must be grown to maturity. For many plants, these steps of transformation must be overcome in order to study gene function and to engineer crops for genetic improvements. This project uses advanced DNA sequence databases, imaging, and computational methods to map the genes that control the process of regeneration and transformation needed for genetic engineering. The project develops new and more efficient image acquisition and analysis software that will enable scientists in many fields to study plant regeneration and related processes more rapidly and precisely. At the same time, the project is developing a program to educate high school teachers and students about the foundation of genetics and genomics as an important step to communicate effectively about genetically engineered crops and food. Educational modules will contribute to teacher curricula in partnership with the Science & Math Investigative Learning Experiences (SMILE) program at Oregon State University as part of an extensive STEM network of high school teachers and students in rural and underserved communities in the Pacific Northwest. Regeneration of differentiated organisms from single cells is a critical need for functional genomics and for the production of genetically engineered organisms. The project will conduct a genome-wide investigation of the genes that control regenerability and transformation (RT) in Populus, which is one of the best studied crop species with respect to these traits. Extensive genomic resources for Populus will be leveraged, including rich transcriptome databases, a high-quality reference genome, and a fully resequenced genome-wide association study (GWAS) population of 1,084 undomesticated genotypes with extremely low levels of linkage disequilibrium. The value of the GWAS population for gene identification for a variety of traits, including those related to in vitro regeneration, has already been established. The project will identify genetic elements that control RT, develop novel phenomic methods based on image analysis, and develop new social science and education methods for teaching about genetic engineering to diverse high school students and teachers. The specific objectives are to (1) explore a variety of RT methods to maximize variation in RT responses; (2) develop new phenomic tools, including an image capture and generalizable machine-vision system, to precisely determine in vitro phenotypes; (3) using GWAS, map sets of alleles that are associated with variation in RT frequency; and (4) study cognitive processes with respect to GE crops, develop case studies and new teaching materials, deliver them to rural and underserved communities in the Pacific Northwest, and through publications, social media, and conferences share the project?s insights and teaching modules internationally.