EAGER: Renewables: Fundamental allometric scalings for distribution networks with renewables

在对许多大系统的研究中，发现即使在不同的应用中，数学关系也非常相似，这些系统是通过许多人随着时间的推移而做出的选择而进化的。这些关系通常是所谓的标度定律的形式，给出了量之间的代数关系，其中一个量的指数可以测量系统的大小。随着系统规模的增长，另一个系统度量将根据比例定律发生变化。这种现象可以被视为异速生长，因为异速生长与生物体各部分的生长和生物体本身的生长之间的关系有关。该项目将研究配电网中的比例定律，并试图确定这些定律是否可以用于设计更可靠的配电系统。可以考虑的设计变量包括系统参数，如电缆属性和整个配电网络的结构方面。所有测量标度是控制系统参数和性能的非线性、幂函数关系。受生物学中显著的异速生长标度的启发，PI与牛津大学的一名同事合作开展的初步工作，已经在配电网停电的观测数据中发现了异速生长标度的证据。此外，初步工作提出了物理和工程设计原则，可以解释这些比例，并根据客户与电网断开的可能性将配电网络参数与其可靠性联系起来。配电网络必须重新设计和升级，以适应可再生能源和新负荷。该项目寻求建立和应用新的比例理论，以帮助确保重新设计的配电网络的可靠性。

In the study of many large systems that evolve through choices made by many individuals over time, mathematical relationships have found to appear that are very similar even in different applications. These relationships are often in the form of so-called scaling laws, giving an algebraic relationship between quantities that involves an exponent of one of the quantities that may measure the size of the system. As the system size grows, another system measure will change based on the scaling law. Such phenomena can be viewed as allometric scalings, since allometry has to do with the relationship between growth of parts of an organism and the growth of the organism itself. This project will study scaling laws in electric power distribution networks, and seek to determine whether such laws could be used to design more reliable power distribution systems. The design variables that could be considered include system parameters such as cable properties and structural aspects of the overall distribution network.Allometric scalings are nonlinear, power-law relationships that govern system parameters and performance. Inspired by the remarkable allometric scalings in biology, initial work by the PI in collaboration with a colleague at Oxford University has resulted in evidence of allometric scaling in observed data for blackouts in distribution networks. Moreover, the initial work suggests physics and engineering design principles that could explain these scalings and relate distribution network parameters to its reliability in terms of the possibility that customers will be disconnected from the grid. Distribution networks must be redesigned and upgraded to accommodate renewable sources and new loads. The project seeks to establish and apply the new scaling theory to help ensure the reliability of the redesigned distribution networks.