EAGER: Renewables: Collaborative Research: Market Designs for Distribution Systems with High Renewable Penetration

该项目旨在设计电网配电系统层面的电力市场，以适应可再生能源发电量增加的趋势。设想的电力市场将需要使所谓的产消者（也是电力消费者的电力生产者）的利益与整个系统目标保持一致。本研究的长期目标是设计和分析市场，使生产者成为实现系统目标的利益相关者和参与者。在这个具体项目中，该团队为战略性产消者设计了机制和市场，通过聚合器（其角色也可以由配电公司执行）参与，以提供三种服务-发电机到家庭运行模式中的能量平衡，发电机到电网运行模式中的能量平衡，以及频率调节。通过关注新兴电网和市场设计的交叉点，该项目还将促进进一步的研究，为新电网的经济发展提供全面的理论和实践。因此，该项目目标的实现将在科学、技术和经济层面产生相当大的动力，以提高新电网的功能和利用其复杂性，从而提高美国的竞争力和经济。具体的教育和推广计划，包括设计新的课程和项目的本科生参与research.Many市场和机制，保证有用的属性，如效率，收入最优，和真实的启示，尽管战略自私的代理人是众所周知的。然而，电力市场与许多其他商品市场不同，因为电力难以储存，而且受到管制，必须按需供应。大规模可再生能源一体化市场带来了额外的挑战，包括参与者之间的信息不对称和有限理性，对系统稳定性可能产生的负面影响，以及在不同时间尺度上的运行。这些挑战需要在电网（例如，以识别在真实的时间内对电网稳定性的影响）和在经济上（例如，机制设计，以确保最佳行动，而不仅仅是真实的报告）。一个由新旧实体组成的新生态系统将出现，它们的界面必须设计。该项目的重点是为聚合者和生产者之间的关键接口设计市场和机制。该项目明确考虑了信息不对称、有限的计算能力以及对电网稳定性的影响。许多见解将可移植到其他交互中，包括ISO（独立系统运营商）和多个聚合器之间的交互，以及希望利用其客户的电池进行能源套利的商业EV（电动汽车）充电站之间的交互。通过统一经济学，电力系统，控制理论和动力系统的技术，该建议的目标是一个高风险高回报的问题，确保未来的大规模分布式可再生能源集成的关键。

The project aims to design electricity markets at the distribution system level of the electric power grid to accommodate the trend toward increased renewable energy based generation. The envisioned electricity markets will need to align the interests of so-called prosumers (electric power producers who are also electric power consumers) with overall system objectives. The long term aim of this research is to design and analyze markets to allow prosumers to be stakeholders and participants in achieving system objectives. In this specific project, the team designs mechanisms and markets for strategic prosumers to participate through an aggregator (whose role can also be performed by the distribution company) to provide three services - energy balance in the generator-to-home mode of operation, energy balance in the generator-to-grid mode of operation, and frequency regulation. By focusing interest on the intersection of the emerging power grid and market design, this project will also foster further research in developing a full theory and practice for the economics of the new power grid. Achievement of the project's objectives will, therefore, generate considerable momentum at the scientific, technological and economic levels to advance the functionality and harness the complexity of the new power grid, boosting American competitiveness and economy. Concrete educational and outreach plans including design of new courses and projects for undergraduate involvement in research are also provided.Many markets and mechanisms that guarantee useful properties such as efficiency, revenue optimality, and truthful revelation, in spite of strategic selfish agents are known. However, electricity markets are unlike many other commodity markets since electricity is difficult to store and is regulated in the sense that it has to be available on demand. The markets for large scale renewable integration pose additional challenges including information asymmetry and bounded rationality among participants, possible negative impact on system stability, and operation across various time scales. These challenges require new research both in the power grid (e.g., to identify the effect on the stability of the grid in real time) and in economics (e.g., for mechanism design to ensure optimal actions and not just truthful reporting). A new ecosystem consisting of old and new entities will emerge and their interfaces will have to be designed. This project focuses on design of markets and mechanisms for the crucial interface between the aggregator and the prosumers. The project explicitly considers the impact of information assymetry, limited computational capabilities, and effect on stability of the power grid. Many insights will be portable to other interactions, including between the ISO (independent system operator) and multiple aggregators as well as a commercial EV (electric vehicle) charging stations that wish to engage in arbitrage of energy using batteries of its customers. By unifying techniques from economics, power systems, control theory, and dynamical systems, this proposal takes aim at a high-risk high-reward problem crucial for ensuring a future with large scale distributed renewable integration.