Meeting of Experts: Discussion of National Science Foundation Division of Earth Sciences Workshop Report on "Future Seismic and Geodetic Facility Needs in the Geosciences"

非技术摘要美国国家科学院、工程院和医学院（科学院）正在召集一个特别的“专家会议”，讨论并提供个人的专家意见，就美国国家科学基金会（NSF）最近由NSF地球科学部（EAR）支持的一个研讨会的报告。研讨会收集了众多地球科学家对未来研究和设备需求的意见，以促进对产生地球构造板块运动、地震、重力、潮汐运动、冰盖运动和其他现象的地球过程的理解。由美国国家科学基金会支持的两个大型多用户设施目前为这种深地研究提供仪器、网络、数据和教育材料。由于这些设施的多年运营协议将于2018年到期，NSF正准备重新竞争一个或多个合作协议，以支持具有此类能力的未来设施的管理和运营。通过多用户访问一系列技术、数据和网络，继续推进对地球过程的研究，将增加广泛研究团体之间科学合作的机会，增加对地球行为变化的理解，并有助于为有关准备和适应这些变化的决策提供信息。此外，由各科学院召集的专家的独立意见有助于加强这些设施重新竞争的科学框架，从而支持对深地过程及其结果和影响的关键研究。技术描述美国国家科学基金会（NSF）地球科学理事会地球科学部目前支持两个大型多用户设施，即大地测量学推进地球科学和地球范围（GAGE）设施和地球科学和地球范围推进地震设施（SAGE），它们提供大地测量、地震和地球物理仪器、数据和数据管理、网络运营、教育、以及为广泛的研究团体提供劳动力培训。GAGE和SAGE运营连续运行的大地测量、地震和相关地球物理仪器的全球和区域网络；便携式地震、大地测量和相关地球物理仪器；归档、管理和分发地球物理数据的系统；他们还为不同的受众编写教育和外联材料。美国国家科学基金会正准备重新竞争这类研究设施的合作协议，最近资助了一个研讨会，以确定未来地震和大地测量研究的关键科学问题和设施需求。该项目将召集具有固体地球科学背景和地震学、大地测量学、地球动力学、活动构造学、构造地质学和自然灾害方面的特殊专业知识的“专家会议”，讨论并提供来自nsf的研讨会报告的个人专家意见。专家们特别关注社区在讲习班上提出的科学和研究问题；支持这项研究必不可少的地震和大地测量设施的类型；以及此类研究和相关设施提供的教育、推广、培训和劳动力发展机会。

Non-technical SummaryThe National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (the Academies) is convening an ad hoc "meeting of experts" to discuss and provide individual, expert opinions on a National Science Foundation (NSF) report from a recent workshop supported by NSF's Division of Earth Sciences (EAR). The workshop gathered input from numerous Earth scientists on future research and facility needs for advancing the understanding of Earth processes that generate movement of Earth's tectonic plates, earthquakes, gravity, tidal motions, the motion of ice sheets, and other phenomena. Two large multi-user facilities supported by NSF currently provide instrumentation, networks, data, and educational materials for this kind of deep-earth research. As the multi-year operational agreements for these facilities will expire in 2018, NSF is preparing to recompete one or more Cooperative Agreement(s) to support management and operation of future facilities with these kinds of capabilities. Continuing to advance research on Earth processes through multi-user access to a range of technologies, data, and networks will enhance opportunities for scientific collaboration among a broad research community, increase understanding of changes in the behavior of the Earth, and help to inform decision making regarding preparation for and adaptation to these changes. Additional, independent opinions from the experts convened by the Academies is helping to strengthen the scientific framework for the recompetition of these facilities and thus support key research on deep-earth processes, their results and impacts. Technical DescriptionThe Division of Earth Sciences in the Directorate for Geosciences at the National Science Foundation (NSF) currently supports two large multi-user facilities, the Geodesy Advancing Geosciences and EarthScope (GAGE) Facility and the Seismological Facilities for Advancement of Geosciences and EarthScope (SAGE), that provide geodetic, seismic, and geophysical instrumentation, data and data management, network operations, education, and workforce training to a broad research community. GAGE and SAGE operate global and regional networks of continuously operating geodetic, seismic, and related geophysical instrumentation; portable seismic, geodetic, and related geophysical instrumentation; systems for archiving, managing, and distributing geophysical data; they also develop education and outreach materials for various audiences. NSF is preparing to recompete Cooperative Agreement(s) for these kinds of research facilities and recently funded a workshop to identify key scientific questions and facility needs for future seismic and geodetic research. This project is bringing together an ad hoc "meeting of experts" with backgrounds in solid Earth science and particular expertise in seismology, geodesy, geodynamics, active tectonics, structural geology, and natural hazards to discuss and provide individual, expert opinions on the NSF-generated report from that workshop. The experts are focusing particularly upon science and research questions posed by the community at the workshop; the types of seismic and geodetic facilities that are essential to support this research; and education, outreach, training, and workforce development opportunities provided by such research and the associated facilities.