Giving to Others and Neural Development During Adolescence

青春期的给予他人和神经发育

• 批准号: 1551952
• 负责人: Andrew Fuligni
• 金额: $ 33.78万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1551952&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Giving; Others; Neural; Development; During

Adolescents' risky decision making and antisocial behaviors have received a great deal of public and scientific attention. Less is known about prosocial behaviors among adolescents, such as sharing and supportiveness. How do changes in the adolescent brain relate to the development of these more positive behaviors? And how does adolescents' tendency to engage in positive behaviors vary depending upon the social context? This project brings together a team of developmental and social psychologists and neuroscientists to study how one particular aspect of prosocial behavior, giving to others, changes across adolescence, and how brain changes relate to the age-related changes in prosocial behavior. One specific goal is to explore whether giving behaviors become more sensitive to the situation (such as the recipient and the cost of giving) across development. Another goal is to understand the involvement of different brain systems (such as those responsible for processing rewards and inhibiting impulsive behaviors) in giving behaviors. A final goal is to understand how other social skills such as perspective-taking and empathy relate to giving and brain developments.A total of 120 participants at 9, 14, and 19 years of age will participate in an experimental giving task while having their brains scanned in an MRI machine. They also will complete questionnaires and daily checklists that assess social experience, perspective-taking, empathy, and values. Giving to friends and strangers is expected to increase and decrease, respectively, and giving to family will remain stable across the years of adolescence. This differential giving should correlate with greater activation and connectivity among neural networks associated with reward, mentalizing, and cognitive control when giving to friends as compared to family and strangers, and when giving to family as compared to strangers. Differential giving and neural activation according to recipient is expected to be linked with greater valuing and orientation toward peers and family, and individual differences among participants in overall giving and activation will be correlated with social experience, perspective-taking, and empathy. Findings will enrich the field's understanding of the developing adolescent brain for behavior by highlighting the role of neural development in positive, prosocial behavior and the potential impact of social experience in these dynamics.

青少年的风险决策和反社会行为已经引起了公众和科学界的广泛关注。 对青少年的亲社会行为知之甚少，如分享和包容。 青少年大脑的变化与这些更积极的行为的发展有什么关系？青少年参与积极行为的倾向如何根据社会背景而变化？这个项目汇集了一个发展和社会心理学家和神经科学家的团队，研究亲社会行为的一个特定方面，给予他人，在青春期的变化，以及大脑的变化如何与亲社会行为中与年龄相关的变化。 一个具体的目标是探索在整个发展过程中，给予行为是否对情况（如接受者和给予的成本）变得更加敏感。另一个目标是了解不同的大脑系统（如负责处理奖励和抑制冲动行为的大脑系统）在给予行为中的参与。最终的目标是了解其他社交技能，如换位思考和同理心，如何与给予和大脑发育相关。共有120名年龄分别为9岁、14岁和19岁的参与者将参加一项实验性的给予任务，同时在MRI机器中扫描他们的大脑。他们还将完成问卷调查和日常检查表，评估社会经验，观点采择，同理心和价值观。给朋友和陌生人的捐赠预计将分别增加和减少，而给家人的捐赠将在青春期保持稳定。这种差异性的给予应该与奖励、心智化和认知控制相关的神经网络之间的更大激活和连接相关，当给予朋友时，与家人和陌生人相比，当给予家人时，与陌生人相比。根据接受者的不同给予和神经激活预计与更大的价值观和对同伴和家庭的取向有关，参与者在整体给予和激活方面的个体差异将与社会经验，观点采择和同理心相关。研究结果将丰富该领域对青少年大脑发育行为的理解，突出神经发育在积极的亲社会行为中的作用，以及社会经验在这些动态中的潜在影响。